Chapter 10 - Intelligence

All of these people are taking the SAT. Which of them is MOST likely to experience the stereotype threat?

Jarrell is the only African-American taking the SAT with all White American students.

aptitude test

a test designed to predict a person's future performance

Down syndrome is a disorder of varying severity caused by:

an extra copy of chromosome 21.

With respect to intellectual disability, _____ skills include language, literacy, and concepts of money, time, and numbers. It is one of the secondary criteria for intellectual disability.

conceptual

Twenty-eight-year-old Melissa is a research psychologist. She is known for her creative research problem solving and the ability to abstractly interpret research data. Melissa is demonstrating:

fluid intelligence

Which term refers to a person's ability to reason quickly and abstractly?

fluid intelligence

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)

widely used test designed to measure the intelligence of children 6 years and older

savant syndrome

A syndrome in a developmentally disabled person who has some remarkable talent that contrasts with his low level of general intelligence.

Professor Wright has a _____ degree in psychology. This is a great accomplishment as only 1 percent of Americans earn a degree at this level.

DOCTORATE

Which statement BEST describes the relationships between the WAIS and WISC?

The WAIS is used to test adult intelligence, whereas the WISC is used to test children's intelligence.

Kinesthetic Intelligence

The ability to move the body in sports, dance, or other physical activities

Sherry's brother is considering adopting an infant from an orphanage that has a reputation for minimal child-caregiver interaction. A 1-year-old boy is available for adoption, but he is passive and not speaking yet. What advice would Sherry give her brother?

The chances are good that the boy will learn to talk if he is provided with responsive caregiving.

Flynn Test

The rise in average IQ scores that has occurred over the decades in many nations

A high school implements a remedial math program targeted at incoming freshmen who failed previous math classes. Stereotype threat research would predict which result for the program

This remedial math program might create a self-fulfilling prophecy that could cause lower scores on math tests.

naturalist intelligence

ability to identify and classify patterns in nature

Crystallized intelligence refers MOST directly to a person's:

accumulated knowledge and verbal skills.

A midterm test in a psychology course is an example of a(n) _____ test.

achievement

A test on chapter 10 of a psychology textbook would be an example of a(n):

achievement

identical twins reared together have intelligence test scores that are:

almost as similar as those of a single person taking the same test twice.

spatial intelligence

Involves the potential to recognize and use the patterns of wide space and more confined areas

Zelda was adopted when she was an infant. Her adoptive parents' intelligence test scores are in the average range. Her biological parents, on the other hand, have test scores that are well above average. When Zelda is 30, what can be predicted about her performance on an intelligence test?

It will be more similar to her biological parents' test scores.

_____ observed the dramatic effects of early experiences and demonstrated the impact of early intervention in an Iranian orphanage.

J. McVicker Hunt

The widely used American revision of Alfred Binet's original intelligence test was developed by:

Lewis Terman.

Sarah comes from a loving but poor family. Her family wants her to do well in school, and she is in this type of program to boost her cognitive and social skills

Project Head Start

At a single point in time, researchers may test and compare the intelligence of members of different age groups. This BEST illustrates a:

cross - sectional study

When Andy becomes upset about getting a poor grade, he typically fails to realize that he feels scared. This lack of self-insight BEST illustrates an inadequate level of:

emotional intelligence

In terms of race differences in intellectual abilities, White and Black infants have scored _____ on an infant intelligence measure

equally

Mary wonders why people are alive and is trying to determine her purpose in life. Mary is demonstrating Gardner's _____intelligence

existential

Sarah is wondering what happens to a person after death. She is demonstrating which of Gardner's types of intelligence?

existential

Lacking the _____ to answer supposedly unbiased intelligence test questions about their new culture, many Eastern-Europeans were classified as feebleminded in the early 1900s.

experience

A test that avoids cultural bias by containing such neutral items as abstract diagrams may allow the culture-_____ assessment of aptitude.

fair

Psychologists define _____ as the capacity to solve problems, adapt to the environment, and learn from experience.

intelligence

The research finding that score differences between so-called racial groups persist on nonverbal items implies that:

intelligence tests are not biased because of items based on cultural experiences.

"How do heredity and the environment work together to weave the fabric of intelligence?" This question BEST reflects the issue of _____ and _____.

nature; nurture

Zac and Nina are studying for a psychology test. Zac states that heritability refers to the extent to which genes are responsible for an individual's level of a particular characteristic is genetic. Nina disagrees, stating that heritability refers to the extent to which genes are responsible for variation among individuals in a particular characteristic. Which of these students is correct?

nina is correct

Which intervention is MOST likely to positively impact the cognitive development of students from families who live in poverty?

nutritional supplements

musical intelligence

potential to appreciate, compose, and perform music

linguistic intelligence

potential to learn and use spoken and written languages

intrapersonal intelligence

potential to understand and regulate oneself

One component of emotional intelligence involves:

predicting accurately when feelings are about to change.

Makayla is about to take the test to obtain her driver's permit. This test covers the tasks that drivers frequently face. This means that the test has _____ validity.

predictive

Intelligence tests administered to children 4 years of age are

predictive of later school achievement.

older people are LEAST able to _____ when making decisions.

reason abstractly

crystallized intelligence

refers most directly to a person's accumulated knowledge and verbal skills.

immortalized in the movie Rain Man, Dustin Hoffman's character performs mind-boggling feats of mathematical calculations, yet cannot perform the simplest of tasks such as determining how much change he would receive when buying a candy bar. This is known as _____ syndrome.

savant

Although he is unable to speak coherently and has been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, 18-year-old Andrew can produce intricate and detailed drawings of scenes he has viewed only once. Andrew illustrates a condition known as:

savant syndrome

In order to be widely accepted, a psychological test must be _____, reliable, and valid.

standardized

A self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative viewpoint is called _____.

stereotype threat

An experiment finds that men who take a spelling test have lower scores after they read an article about how women typically outscore men on this kind of test. This finding supports the concept of _____.

stereotype threat

Comparing the academic accomplishments of those who score extremely low with those who score extremely high on intelligence tests is an effective way to highlight the _____ of the tests.

validity

University grades are used to access the predictive _____ of the SAT.

validity

Professor Johnson has a doctorate degree in psychology. This is a great accomplishment as only _____ percent of Americans earn doctorate degrees.

1

Before age _____, intelligence tests generally do NOT predict future aptitude.

3

Intellectual disability refers to a condition of limited mental ability, which is indicated by an intelligence test score at or below _____, as well as difficulty adapting to the normal demands of independent living.

70

A problem requiring an individual to find the next letter and number that completes a pattern measures _____ intelligence.

FLUID

_____ attempted to measure intellectual strengths based on tests of reaction time, muscular power, and body proportions.

Francis Galton

A high school counselor gave Amy a test designed to predict whether she could learn to become a successful architect. Amy MOST likely took a(n) _____ test.

aptitude

Being able to tell time is a _____ skill.

conceptual

Bill, a young man with an intelligence score of 65, has relatively good interpersonal skills and is able to take care of his own personal grooming needs. However, he has difficulty with reading and counting money. If he is to live independently, Bill would probably have MOST difficulty with _____ skills

conceptual

What are the two meanings of bias identified in the textbook?

detecting differences in performance caused by cultural experiences and predictive validity for only some groups of test-takers

Imagine that, on average, 6-year-olds can complete a particular block design puzzle in 5 minutes. It takes 6-year-old Bailey almost 8 minutes to complete the task. In Binet's terms, Bailey's _____ age is _____ than 6.

mental; lower

Compared with men, women are _____ capable of remembering objects' spatial locations and they are _____ sensitive to taste and color.

more ; more

With respect to intellectual disability, conceptual skill is to practical skill as _____ is to _____.

telling time; grooming oneself

Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

the WAIS and its companion versions for children are the most widely used intelligence tests; they contain verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests. (p. 367)

logical intelligence

the ability to do math, recognize patterns, and problem solve

Practical skills include all of these EXCEPT:

the ability to follow rules

emotional intelligence

the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions

interpersonal intelligence

the ability to read, empathize, and understand others

practical intelligence

the ability to use information to get along in life and become successful