chapter 10

Antibiotics are preferred treatments for colds. T or F?

False

Oxygen moves from the lungs into blood during internal respiration T or F?

False

The trachea is completely surrounded by rings of cartilage, resulting in an organ that is inflexible. T or F?

False

by picking up hydrogen ions hemoglobin prevents the blood from becoming too

acidic

inhalation

air enters body - rib muscles contract - diaphragm contracts ( moves down). exhalation is opposite

path that air follows to reach the lungs

air enters through nose- travels down the trachea and enters the bronchi - travels down smaller and smaller bronchioles - reaches small sacs alveoli

Ventilation refers to the process by which

air moves into and out of the lungs

Which has highest P02?

alveolar air

Gas exchange between inhaled air and the blood is accomplished by the ___ and the ____

alveoli ; pulmonary capillaries

most carbon dioxide is carried from the body tissues to the lungs

as bicarbonate ions. HCO3

In the blood -2 is transported primarily ______ whereas CO2 is transported primarily ____ _

as oxyhemoglobin ; as bicarbonate in plasma

Botulism toxin infers with the transmission of nerve impulses to skeletal muscles. this interferes directly with

breathing

exchange of air between lungs and the environment

breathing

the rate and depth of normal breathing are determined by

carbon dixoide levels in the blood

process that realists in water being produced as a byproduct

cellular respiration

All of the following are involved in the process of breathing except? - skeletal muscles - circulatory system -bones - nervous system - respiratory system

circulatory system

in the blood most of the oxygen that will be used in cellular respiration is carried from the lungs to the body tissues

combined with hemoglobin

The alveoli ___

consists of a singer layer of squamous epithelial cells

During a breathing cycle, as the diaphragm and intercostal muscles __________, the volume of the pleural cavity __________ and air moves __________ the lungs.

contact ; increases ; into

A low PH reduces the binding affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen increasing the reels of oxygen and its delivery to the tissues. what produces a condition of low PH in red blood cells?

conversion of CO2 to bicarbonate and release of hydrogen ions

Which of the following is an inherited condition characterized by production of abnormally thick mucus that can interfere with air flow in lungs?

cystic fibrosis

which muscle separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal?

diaphragm

Characterized by loss of elasticity in bronchioles and damaged alveoli?

emphysema

during the ingestion of food or liquid which tips to block opening trachea?

epiglottis

amount of air that can be forced out of the lungs beyond the tidal volume

expiratory reserve volume

How does external respiration differ from internal respiration?

external refers to gas exchange between inhaled air and blood where internal refers to GAS exchange between blood and tissue fluid

The exchange of gases between inhaled air and the blood cells is

external respiration

movement of oxygen across alveoli into the bloodstream

external respiration

a small amount of fluid is contained in the pleural cavity to

function as a lubricant as the lungs move during ventilation

Gases flow passively from an area of __________ pressure to an area of __________ pressure.

high ; low

during exhalation the pressure inside the lungs

initially is higher than atmospheric pressure, but drops as air leaves the body

amount of air that can be inhaled beyond the tidal volume

inspiratory reserve volume

movement of carbon dioxide from interstitial fluids into the blood

internal respiration

the bronchioles are

located between the bronchi and the alveoli

The respiratory control center is located

medulla oblongata

hemoglobin in the blood transports

more oxygen than carbon dioxide

order of structures though which air will pass during inspiration?

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, aveloli

Which is a penetrating would resulting in collapse of lung?

phenumothoroax

During inspiration intercostal muscles function to

pull the rib cage up and out so the lung volume increases

air that remains in the lungs after a forceful exhalation

residual volume

Why do smokes experience a higher incidence os respiratory infection vs nonsmokers?

smoking diminishes the number and action of cilia

Which of the following will happen when someone holds their breath?

the Pc02 will increase

The lungs are enclosed by a double pleural membrane. These membranes are attached to the ___ and the ____

thoracic cavity ; lung surface

amount of air entering the lungs with every breath

tidal volume

Mucus in the nasal cavity functions to

trap dust and pathogens in incoming air

The maximal volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inhalation is the ___

vital capacity

maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after maximal inhalation

vital capacity