Chapter 10: Social Studies
Centralist
A centralist believed that all governing power was to be ruled by one person.
Federalist
A federalist believed that power would be split into parts.
What is the Consultation?
A group led by William H. Wharton called a meeting to discuss these matters and later they decided to have delegates meet and attend another convention known as the CONSULTATION. They were deciding whether to fight for independence. The conventions were deciding to do things peacefully or violently (WAR).
Law of April 6,1830: Location
All of Mexico and Texas
Mier y Teran Expedition: location
All over Texas
Conflict at Anahuac: Location
Anahuac
Andrew Briscoe
Andrew Briscoe was a man who was making up trouble
Coahuila:
Coahuila was part of Texas and was part of Mexico.
Who was fighting who during the conflict in Anahuac?
Colonist versus the Bradburn.
Sam Houston
Delegate Sam Houston had just arrived in Texas and was a former member of the U.S congress and the governor of Tennessee.
Hayden Edwards receives contract: Location
East Texas
Compare and contrast the concepts of Federalism (under Constitution of 1824) and Centralism (established by Santa Anna). How do both forms of government operate in general? Which ones did the Texans prefer? Why?
Federalism and Centralism are a like because they both involve a leader who is in charge of everybody. They are both different because Centralism was when the region was only controlled by one person (dictator). Federalism was when power was spread into many parts throughout the region. Texans mostly preferred Federalism because it allowed them to have more freedom.
Federalism vs Centralism
Federalism: National Government: Exec/Legislative/Judicial branches. States: could make own laws. Cities: could make some of own policies. Created by constitution 1824. Centralism: National Government: No branches. Only one branch: Dictator controls military. States: cannot make own laws. Must enforce laws of national government.Cities: had to answer national government. Leadership ignore Constitution of 182.
Was Bradburn against Fisher?
Fisher caused problems.
Who is Madero
Francesco Madero, a survey from Coahuila, was approving land titles for settlers in the area.
Consultation: Summary of activity at the event. (bullets are fine)
General Cos (Santa Anna's brother in law. He was a military leader. Cos refused to accept the apology from the turtle bayou resolutions) • General Cos started to concern Texans • In 1834, the granted court reforms • Cos planned to put prisoners on military trial, which was legal, was not accepted by Texans. • A group led by William H. Wharton called a meeting to discuss these matters and later the decided to have delagates meet and attend another convention known as the CONSULATION • It took place in Washington-on-the-Brazos • Meanwhile, Texans started to debate whether they should work this out peacefully or violently (WAR). These were two different factions. • The Peace faction wanted to remain calm and keep a peaceful relationship with the government • The War faction thought it was good to use action. They wanted to declare independence from Mexico. • Austin warned them that they had no choice but to go to war.
Consultation: Who led it? OR Who were main people in charge from both sides if there was a conflict?
General Cos led the Texans wit laws that concerned them. Main People: SFA General Cos William H Wharton Texans Mexicans Santa Anna
Who is general Cos?
General Cos was Santa Anna's brother in law. He was a military leader. Cos refused to accept the apology from the turtle bayou resolutions.
Mier y Teran Expedition: Who led it? OR Who were main people in charge from both sides if there was a conflict?
General Manuel Mier y Teran was in charge of touring Texas. Main people: Mier y Teran Mexican Government SFA Texans
George Fisher
George Fisher was a U.S settler and became a Mexican citizen, along with the job of being a new customs official.
Hayden Edwards receives contract: Who led it? OR Who were main people in charge from both sides if there was a conflict?
Haden Edwards was in charge of collecting taxes. Main people: Haden Edwards Mexican government SFA Texans
Jose de las Piedras
He led a Mexican force as a Colonel and arrived at Nacogdoches.
What did Mier y Teran recommend?
He made recommendations about discouraging trade with the U.S, sending more troops to increase Mexican's control, and last, encourage more Mexican and European settlers.
How did Fisher make the captains pay their money?
He made them park their boats and walk by foot to come and pay their taxes.
What did Mier y Teran note in his letter?
He noted in his letter that Mexican influence in Texas had decreased as one moved northward and eastward.
Why did colonist John Austin still leave to get a cannon if the resolutions were being written?
He still went to get the cannon incase the Mexicans did not approve of this resolution and tried to fight against them.
Anastacio Bustamante:
He was President of Mexico before Santa Anna overthrew him.
Juan Davis Bradburn:
He was a commander from the U.S, but then became a Mexican citizen.
Who is Tenorio?
He was a custom duties (tax) collector. He began collecting customs duties at Anahuac, where taxes had not been collected since 1832. This angered many Texans.
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
He was a general who was trying to overthrow the President (Anastacio Bustamante).
Was Anahuac a fort or city?
I was both.
In your opinion, would the Battle of Velasco had happened if John Austin and his men knew about the Turtle Bayou Resolutions?
John Austin and his men took their cannon on a ship to the settlement of Velasco. I think if they did not go and find the cannon, this war would not have occurred. After they brought the cannon to the settlement, the fighting broke out. The colonists ended up winning the battle. Many people during this war were killed or wounded.
Turtle Bayou Resolutions: Who led it? OR Who were main people in charge from both sides if there was a conflict?
John Austin led more than 150 men to go fight for the prisoner's release. Main people: John Austin William Russell Various Texans
John Austin:
John Austin was a settler stationed in Brazoria and led an army of men to the fort at Anahuac.
Fredonian Rebellion: Who led it? OR Who were main people in charge from both sides if there was a conflict?
Jose Antonio Saucedo led the rebellion. Main people: Haden Edwards Governor Saucedo Benjamin Edwards Republic of Fredonia Mexican Government/militia
Battle of Velasco: Who led it? OR Who were main people in charge from both sides if there was a conflict?
Jose de las Piedras was the one who led the blame on Colonel Bradburn. Main People: Ugartechea vs John Austin/Russell W.
Conflict at Anahuac: Who led it? OR Who were main people in charge from both sides if there was a conflict?
Juan Davis Bradburn commanded the troops that were stationed at the fort. Main people: Bradburn (Juan-a-bee) Travis/Jack/ Allen SFA
What cities did Mier y Teran tour?
Laredo, San Antonio, San Felipe de Austin, and Nacogdoches.
Why did Bradburn arrest Madero?
Madero was arrested because he was causing issues in Brad burn's territory.
SFA is arrested: Location
Mexico City
What were Mier y Teran's recommendations?
Mier y Teran made many recommendations like the effort to discourage trade with the U.S, send more soldiers to Texas to increase Mexican control, and last, encourage internal trade.
Look at Mier y Teran's recommendations and the provisions of the Law of April 6, 1830. Explain the relationship between two of the recommendations and two of the provisions of the law.
Mier y Teran recommended discouraging trade with the U.S and wanted to send more soldiers into Texas to increase Mexican control. The Law of April 6, 1830 also had to do with trading and also encouraged internal trading just between Mexico. It also had to do with increasing control because they wanted more Mexican influence in order for them to remain in power.
Fredonian Rebellion: Location
Nacogdoches
From the readings last night, what themes, trends, or patterns do you see with either the actions of Texans, Mexico, or both? Provide evidence to support your response.
New Mexican governments kept creating laws that angered the Texans and made them want to reform. For example, the Mexicans continued to tax them (custom duties), let no U.S citizens settle, and did not allow them to be a separate state. Because they reacted poorly, they gained some of their demands and that made them happy. They would have meetings to discuss issues, which depended on how they reacted. Mexico = Angered Parent vs Texas = Scared/annoying Child
Did Mier y Teran discourage trading?
Only with the U.S.
Convention of 1832: Who led it? OR Who were main people in charge from both sides if there was a conflict?
SFA was the president of the convention. Main people: Santa Anna SFA Mexican Government Texans
Saltillo
Saltillo was the capital of Coahuila y Texas.
Convention of 1832: Location
San Felipe de Austin
Convention of 1833: Location
San Felipe de Austin
SFA is arrested: Who led it? OR Who were main people in charge from both sides if there was a conflict?
Santa Anna arrested SFA because he was offended by him when he went overboard with the recommendations. Main people: SFA Santa Anna Valentin Gomez Farias Texans Mexicans
Second Conflict at Anahuac: Who led it? OR Who were main people in charge from both sides if there was a conflict?
Santa Anna led people to think that they were not ready to be republic and drew them more towards centralism. Main people: Santa Anna Texans Mexicans Antonio Tenario Andrew Briscoe Travis Martin Perfecto Lorenzo de Zavala SFA
Law of April 6,1830: How did this event change Texas's relationship with Mexico?
TX: Disliked- angry- felt it would only hurt things MEX: felt they were gaining more control
Convention of 1832: How did this event change Texas's relationship with Mexico?
TX: Happy that Santa Anna was in rule because he promised federalism. MEX: The Mexican government was now under Santa Anna's control.
Convention of 1833: How did this event change Texas's relationship with Mexico?
TX: It helped them gain some demands that they wanted. They are still waiting for changes to happen. MEX: The government is unorganized and just very busy.
Fredonian Rebellion: How did this event change Texas's relationship with Mexico?
TX: Overall angry at actions of few MEX: Think US was grabbing for land; suspicious
Second Conflict at Anahuac: How did this event change Texas's relationship with Mexico?
TX: People in Texas felt caved in and were only forced to follow Santa Anna. MEX: The Mexican government was turning into a centralism government.
SFA is arrested: How did this event change Texas's relationship with Mexico?
TX: They are worried about SFA and are waiting for him to get back. Everything is falling apart. MEX: Santa Anna agreed to fulfill some SFA's demands. Austin was then released and sent back to Texas.
Consultation: How did this event change Texas's relationship with Mexico?
TX: They should remain calm. They were still hoping their demands would get permitted. MEX: They wanted to stop the consolation so they sent in troops.
Conflict at Anahuac: How did this event change Texas's relationship with Mexico?
TX: angry at lack of rights MEX: felt they could use any power necessary
Turtle Bayou Resolutions: How did this event change Texas's relationship with Mexico?
TX: apology would bring peace and show issues of concern MEX: Are TX sincere?
Hayden Edwards receives contract: How did this event change Texas's relationship with Mexico?
TX: not rebelling MEX: few as moved north- needed more cultural influence
Mier y Teran Expedition: How did this event change Texas's relationship with Mexico?
TX: not rebelling MEX: few as moved north- needed more cultural influence
Battle of Velasco: How did this event change Texas's relationship with Mexico?
TX: showed they could fight, put poorly timed MEX: Are we at war? POWER IS NOW UNSTABLE
What is the republic of Fredonia?
Tejanos wanted to rebel because they were mad. That was the area they were rebelling for.
Second Conflict at Anahuac: Location
Texas
How did the Fredonian Rebellion cause Manuel Mier y Teran to inspect Texas?
The Fredonian rebellion was a minor event but attracted a lot of attention. The U.S Government made several offers to purchase Texas from Mexico. The Mexican leaders were offended and sent more troops into Texas to protect the region.
What were the provisions of the Law of April 6, 1830?
The Law of April 6, 1830 banned U.S immigration, suspended unfilled Empresario contracts, end slavery, bring more Mexican and European settlers for influence, and tax all U.S settlers (custom duties).
Immigration:
The Mexicans did not allow U.S immigration.
Guerrero Decree:
The decree orders things like ending slavery in Mexico and not letting U.S citizens enter.
Look back at the Law of April 6, 1830. How did the enforcement of parts of this law cause problems at Anahuac? Cite the parts of the law that was an issue, and what happened because it was enforced. (hint: your answer will most likely be a paragraph in length)
The law of April 6, 1830 caused Mexicans to station many troops all over Texas. The military started to upset some settlers. The law of April 6 had upset many settlers because they had banned U.S immigration and were taxing all U.S settlers who came into Texas. People who were living in Texas had to suffer because of this law while people in Mexico City did not really know what type of impact they were making by creating this law.
What are the 4 conventions (of 1832)?
They asked the Mexican government to allow legal immigration from the United States. The delegates requested that Texas become a separate Mexican state instead of being joined with Coahuila. The Texans asked that customs duties be removed for three years. The delegates asked for land for public schools.
Customs Duty:
They created Customs duty because they wanted to tax all U.S settlers who came into Texas.
Why was it necessary for the settlers to create the Turtle Bayou Resolutions?
They created it because it declared that the events at Anahuac were not rebellion against Mexico.
What did the delegates ask for at the Convention of 1832?
They had four main concerns they wanted to show Santa Anna. They asked the Mexican Government to allow legal immigration from the United States. The delegates requested that Texas become a separate Mexican state instead of being joined with Coahuila. The Texans asked that custom duties be removed for three years. And last they asked for land for public schools.
Turtle Bayou Resolutions: Location
Turtle Bayou
What did the Turtle Bayou Resolutions declare?
Turtle Bayou Resolutions declared that the events at Anahuac were not rebellion against Mexico.
Is the Law of April 6, 2013 as same as the Guerro decree?
Two separate laws that came out at the same time.
Battle of Velasco: Location
Velasco
Law of April 6,1830: Who led it? OR Who were main people in charge from both sides if there was a conflict?
Vincent Guerro issued this decree which formed into the law. Main people: SFA Mexican Officials Texans
Consultation: Location
Washington-on-the-Brazos
Why did Stephen F. Austin have difficulty in meeting with the Mexican government in 1833? Provide at least 2 reasons.
When Austin finally arrived, Mexican Officials were still trying to organize their new government. Santa Anna was also out of the city, so he had to speak to the vice president.
What is the Constitution of 1824?
When Mexico won independence.
Convention of 1833: Who led it? OR Who were main people in charge from both sides if there was a conflict?
William H. Wharton was the president of the convention. Main people: William H. Wharton Sam Houston Texans SFA
William Travis:
William Travis protested and then later was held for military trial along with his brother.
Did Santa Anna try to gain the Texans trust by fighting for federalism? Was he a trickster?
Yes and Yes
Garrison
station of troops at a fort
Battle of Velasco: Summary of activity at the event. (bullets are fine)
• A colonel came into Nacogdoches • Piedras blamed Bradburn for conflict with U.S settlers • He also released Jack, Travis, and other prisoners • He recommended removing Bradburn from his post • John Austin loaded the cannon on a ship to Brazoria • Colonel Ugartecha did not let the rebels pass because he was a commander of Mexican troops • Fighting then broke out. • When the Mexicans ammunition ran out they surrendered. • The Colonists won • Mexican authority grew stronger. • Soldiers began to take sides in the war between the federalists led by Santa Anna and the centralists led by Bustamante. • Texans hoped Santa Anna would win and restore the Constitution of 1824.
Convention of 1833: Summary of activity at the event. (bullets are fine)
• A group of impatient Tejanos created a new convention • 56 of the delegates from this convention had not attended the last convention • Delegate Sam Houston had just came to Nacogdoches • He had been a member from the U.S congress and the governor of Tennessee • These delegates wanted action • Austin was upset that he was not called to this convention but still shared his idea because he supported the convention • Many of the resolution were the same as the earlier convention's • They requested that U.S immigration be allowed and Texas becoming a separate country from Coahuila to have more control over their affairs • SFA, Erasmo Seguin, and Dr. James B. Miller were going to go propose this idea to Santa Anna • Only SFA ended up going because Erasmo and James could not make it.
Turtle Bayou Resolutions: Summary of activity at the event. (bullets are fine)
• A man named John Austin helped organize a group of men to go fight to release the prisoners. • Bradburn agreed to do that only if they released the soldiers. • They did what he wanted but he did not release the prisoners. • John Austin and his men went to get a cannon • Those who stayed made up a turtle bayou resolutions • It declared that the events at Anahuac were not a rebellion against Mexico • A man that went by Santa Anna tried to overthrow the president
Hayden Edwards receives contract: Summary of activity at the event. (bullets are fine)
• Haden Edwards becomes Empresario • Permitted to settle 800 families into Texas • When he got there, people were already living there • The people living there were Mexican families, U.S settlers, and some Cherokee • People rebelled • His contract was suspended
Convention of 1832: Summary of activity at the event. (bullets are fine)
• Santa Anna defeated Bustamante's forces • Texans believed he would restore the constitution of 1824 • Tejanos have been unhappy with the central government since the Law of April 6, 1830 • Settlers in San Felipe de Austin called a convention • They wanted to make reforms. • They came up with the convention of 1832 • It demanded that the Mexican government to allow legal immigration from the United States, that Texas become a separate Mexican state instead of being joined with Coahuila, Customs duties be removed for three years, and land for public schools.
Second Conflict at Anahuac: Summary of activity at the event. (bullets are fine)
• Santa Anna tricked everybody to think he was moving towards federalism but was actually moving towards centralism • He had violated the Constitution of 1824 • Santa Anna did honor some of Austin's request by legalizing immigration from the U.S and removed some custom duties. • Taxes had not been collected in 2 years so they sent in Captain Tenario to collect them. • Briscoe got arrested because he was causing problems and sweeping up trouble • Travis went to go fight against Mexico because they did not like Tenario coming in and making them pay taxes • Tenario then surrendered • Many Texans did not like Travis's ways and thought he would cause problems between them and the government • They offered apologies to the government for his actions • A general named Martin Perfect de Ono arrested Travis, Robert Williams, Samuel Williams, and Lorenzo de Zavala • He was a cabinet member, state governor, and firm supporter of federalism • Santa Anna abandoned federalism before he came
Fredonian Rebellion: Summary of activity at the event. (bullets are fine)
• Tejanos and U.S settlers rebelled • SFA called out the militia to stop rebellion. • Rebels learned the militia was coming and fled, including Haden Edwards.
Mier y Teran Expedition: Summary of activity at the event. (bullets are fine)
• The Fredonian rebellion attracted lots of attention • U.S offers from the government to buy the land of Texas occurred • The Mexicans were offended • They sent in troops to protect the region • They sent an investigator to see what was happening in Texas • His name was Mier y Teran • He toured Texas and met SFA • He had come up with recommendation to change Texas
SFA is arrested: Summary of activity at the event. (bullets are fine)
• The trip took three days • When Austin finally got their he faced a problem one after another • Santa Anna had left the city • Mexico was still trying to organize the new government • A disease swept through the city leaving people sick and dying • Austin met with VP Farias and Farias promised to present their requests to the Mexican Congress • Austin told him that Texans might go ahead and separate from Coahuila on their own • Farias felt threatened and arrested Austin • He was sent to solitary confinement • When Santa Anna returned, he granted some of Austin's requests • Many people worried for Austin
Conflict at Anahuac: Summary of activity at the event. (bullets are fine)
• They send more troops into Texas. • Colonel Juan was the commander of the troops at the fort • Bradburn angered many settlers in Liberty • He disbanded the town government and used slaves for projects without paying slaveholders. • Later, a new customs official was appointed. • Is name was George fisher • He demanded all ships landing in Texas had to pay their taxes • Many captains ignored is command • Fisher sent troops after them • Austin had a problem with Fisher • Fisher later resigned • Bradburn then arrested William Travis and his brother • They were protesters
Law of April 6,1830: Summary of activity at the event. (bullets are fine)
• Vincent Guerro the president, decide to create a way to strengthen control over Texas • They called it the Law of April 6, 1830. • The Law of April 6, 1830 banned U.S immigration, suspended unfilled Empresario contracts, end slavery, bring more Mexican and European settlers for influence, and tax all U.S settlers (custom duties). • There main goal was to strengthen Mexico's control over Texas