Chapter 11

Insufficient production of acetylcholine in the synapses of the brain, abnormal tangled neurons, and large deposits of beta amyloid are problems associated with what disease?

Alzheimer's disease.

Excitatory neurotransmitters encourage the generation of new electrical impulses by stimulating?

Depolarization of the postsynaptic cell, causing threshold to be approached or exceeded.

Oligodengrocytes are similar to Schwann cells in that they are a?

Neuroglia cell.

Cells that provide direct protection and physical support to neurons are?

Neuroglia cells.

Electrical impulses are transmitted between components of the central nervous system via?

Neurons.

During the process, influx of ______ cause vesicles in the axon bulb to fuse with the cell membrane, releasing _____

Positive ions, sodium.

Salatory conduction is?

A form of rapid transmission of nerve impulse along a myelinated fiber, in which the nerve impulse leaps from node to node.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a disease that results from nerve damage in the?

Spinal cord and brain.

Preganglionic motor neurons of the ______ division of the nervous system originate in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord.

Sympathetic.

During a bran surgery, the surgeon passes an instrument though the Dura mater. What part does he pass through next?

The arachnoid.

The central nervous system is composed of?

The brain and spinal cord.

The central nervous system is enclosed by membranes or meniges called the?

The dura mater, the arachnoid, and the pia mater.

During repolarization of a neuron what happens?

Action potentials always travel in one direction only.

Axons branch into axon terminals, which have ______ located at the terminal ends.

Axon bulb.

Region of brain that coordinates antagonistic muscle movements?

Cerebellum in the hindbrain.

The left and right sides of the cerebrum are interconnected by the?

Corpus callosum.

The three main anatomical and function divisions of the brain are the?

Hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain.

From an evolutionary standpoint, this structure is considered the oldest, most primitive division of the brain

Hindbrain.

Regulation of the production of breast milk, carbohydrate metabolism, and temperature control are some of the functions of the?

Hypothalamus.

During what phase of an action potential do the sodium channels close and potassium channels open, releasing potassium from the neuron?

Repolarization.

What occurs during the absolute refractory period to a neuron?

Sodium channels close, and Potassium moves out of the axon

The reticular formation is associated with?

The midbrain.