Chapter 11/12 Review
A typical bio prosthetic valve will provide service for approximately
10 years
A normal hemoglobin range for a healthy female who is neither pregnant nor nursing is
12-16 g/dl
A typical red blood cell lasts
2-3 months
A single drop of whole blood from an average healthy adult contains _________ red blood cells.
260 million
During heavy exercise cardiac output increases approximately ______ and skeletal muscle blood flow increases
3 fold - 10 fold
Red blood cells comprise about ______ of the cells in the human body.
33%
Oxyhemoglobin consists of
4 oxygen and 4 hemes
The typical adult female hematocrit is ________ percent
42%
Adult males will typically have ____ liters of blood in their cardiovascular systems.
5-6
Platelets circulate for
9-12 days
Which of the following structures is NOT contained in the mediastinum? a) thymus b) thyroid c) trachea d) esophagus e) heart
B
Which of the following is NOT a function of blood? a) distribution of gases b) delivery of hormones c) temp regulation d) neural processing e) defends against disease
D
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of balloon angioplasty? a) mortality rate of 1% b) ability to perform as outpatient surgery c) 90% success rate d) non-invasive
D
Which of the following is NOT an important functional aspect of the biconcave design of red blood cells? a) provides larger surface area b) can form stacks c) flexible d) quick & efficient cell division
D
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor associated with atherosclerosis? a) age b) gender c) cigarette smoking d) high blood pressure e) active lifestyle
E
A recording of the electrical events in the heart is a
ECG
Kirk has type AB blood. Which blood type would cause agglutination or cross reaction with his blood?
No blood types. (can receive any blood type)
If the normal pacemaker of the heart fails, the job will be taken over by the
SA node
The pacemaker of the heart is normally the
SA node
The abundant protein component of red blood cells is
albumin
The major symptom of leukemia is
appearance of immature and abnormal white blood cells
The large vessels that transport blood away from the heart are
arteries
A condition characterized by a generalized thickening and toughness of arterial walls is
arteriosclerosis
Contraction of the upper chambers of the heart is called
atrial systole
When the cardiac cycle begins, the
atrioventricular valve is open and the semilunar valves are closed
the first "lub" heart sound is associated with
atrioventricular valves closing
Expandable extensions of the atrium are called
auricles
A common technique to improve blood flow and remove plaque in coronary vessels is
balloon angioplasty and stent replacement
Arterial blood is bright red because
blood is always bright red
The clotting pathways require large amounts of
calcium
The vessels that exchange nutrients, respiratory gases, and waste are
capillaries
The pressure needed to force blood through all the peripheral capillaries is
capillary hydrostatic pressure
Blood is a type of _________ tissue.
connective
The final step in the coagulation phase is the
conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.
The vessels that supply blood to the heart are called
coronary arteries
The tissue damage characteristic of malaria is caused by
damaged red blood cells blocking circulation to organs
The arteries of the pulmonary circuit carry
deoxygenated blood from the heart
The right atrium receives
deoxygenated blood from the vena cava
The veins of the systemic circuit carry
deoxygenated blood to the heart
What is the role of capillaries?
diffusion between blood and fluids.
a blood clot that does not retain its vessel wall location because a
embolus
The plasma component with a role in blood clotting is called
fibrinogen
The embryonic remains of the connection between atria is tgrv
fossa ovalis
The best description of the heart is that it is
four paired pumps
The percent of whole blood volume contributed by formed elements is the
hematocrit
A disease characterized by a loss of a single clotting factor is
hemophilia
Adult males typically have _____ packed cell volumes than females because they have more ________
higher; androgens
As vessels become smaller, peripheral resistance
increases
Tissue damage caused by circulation interruption is called
infarction
Anemia can result from inadequate
iron
Red blood cells traveling through veins
lack oxygen and are burgundy
The left atrium and ventricle are supplied blood by the
left coronary artery
The fibrous remnants of the fetal connection between the aorta and the pulmonary trunk is called the
ligamentum arteriosum
a common location for venipuncture is the
median cubital vein
The blood vessels that deliver blood directly to the skeletal muscles and internal organs are
muscular arteries
The thickest layer of the heat is the
myocardium
The white blood cell that phagocytoses injured and infected tissue is the
neutrophil
When the ventricles contract, the semilunar valves are __________ and the atrioventricular valves are
open; closed
The fluid lubricating the opposing surfaces of membrane in the pericardial cavity is called
pericardial fluid
The formed elements with a role in blood clotting are
platelets.
The blood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs comprise the
pulmonary circuit
The circuit that begins at the right ventricle and ends at the left atrium is the
pulmonary circuit
The circuit that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs is the
pulmonary circuit
The most abundant formed elements are
red blood cells.
Blood is able to raise body temperature by
redistribute heat from skeletal muscles to sensitive organs
Platelets trigger coagulation by
releasing clogging factors.
Problems do not develop for Rh-negative mothers during their first pregnancy with an Rh-positive child because
sensitization has not occurred.
a condition characterized by multiplication of a pathogen in blood is called
septicemia
The average pH of blood falls in a range of
slightly alkaline
The bone lying anterior to the heart is the
sternum
cardiac output depends on
stroke volume and heart rate
The right atrium receives blood from the
superior and inferior vena cava
The circuit that travels through the left side of the heart is the
systemic circuit
An accelerated heart rate about 100 beats per minute is called
tachycardia
The right atrioventricular valve is the
tricuspid
Individuals with sickle cell anemia have inherited
two copies of the sickling gene
The midsagittal section through the trunk would divide the heart
unequally, with most on the left side
Weak venous valves can result in
varicose veins
Local contraction of smooth muscle in response to damage is called
vascular spasm
Increasing the diameter of a blood vessel by relaxing a muscle is called
vasodilation
The afferent vessels of the heart are
veins
The majority of the body's blood volume at one time is found within the
veins
The amount of blood arriving at the right ventricle each minute is
venous return
The T wave of an ECG corresponds to
ventricular diastole
the serous membrane covering the heart is the
visceral pericardium
The most effective way to aid venous return in lower limbs following any surgery is to
walk to contract leg skeletal muscles
Blood that has an unaltered composition is called
whole blood.