Chapter 11/12 Review

A typical bio prosthetic valve will provide service for approximately

10 years

A normal hemoglobin range for a healthy female who is neither pregnant nor nursing is

12-16 g/dl

A typical red blood cell lasts

2-3 months

A single drop of whole blood from an average healthy adult contains _________ red blood cells.

260 million

During heavy exercise cardiac output increases approximately ______ and skeletal muscle blood flow increases

3 fold - 10 fold

Red blood cells comprise about ______ of the cells in the human body.

33%

Oxyhemoglobin consists of

4 oxygen and 4 hemes

The typical adult female hematocrit is ________ percent

42%

Adult males will typically have ____ liters of blood in their cardiovascular systems.

5-6

Platelets circulate for

9-12 days

Which of the following structures is NOT contained in the mediastinum? a) thymus b) thyroid c) trachea d) esophagus e) heart

B

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood? a) distribution of gases b) delivery of hormones c) temp regulation d) neural processing e) defends against disease

D

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of balloon angioplasty? a) mortality rate of 1% b) ability to perform as outpatient surgery c) 90% success rate d) non-invasive

D

Which of the following is NOT an important functional aspect of the biconcave design of red blood cells? a) provides larger surface area b) can form stacks c) flexible d) quick & efficient cell division

D

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor associated with atherosclerosis? a) age b) gender c) cigarette smoking d) high blood pressure e) active lifestyle

E

A recording of the electrical events in the heart is a

ECG

Kirk has type AB blood. Which blood type would cause agglutination or cross reaction with his blood?

No blood types. (can receive any blood type)

If the normal pacemaker of the heart fails, the job will be taken over by the

SA node

The pacemaker of the heart is normally the

SA node

The abundant protein component of red blood cells is

albumin

The major symptom of leukemia is

appearance of immature and abnormal white blood cells

The large vessels that transport blood away from the heart are

arteries

A condition characterized by a generalized thickening and toughness of arterial walls is

arteriosclerosis

Contraction of the upper chambers of the heart is called

atrial systole

When the cardiac cycle begins, the

atrioventricular valve is open and the semilunar valves are closed

the first "lub" heart sound is associated with

atrioventricular valves closing

Expandable extensions of the atrium are called

auricles

A common technique to improve blood flow and remove plaque in coronary vessels is

balloon angioplasty and stent replacement

Arterial blood is bright red because

blood is always bright red

The clotting pathways require large amounts of

calcium

The vessels that exchange nutrients, respiratory gases, and waste are

capillaries

The pressure needed to force blood through all the peripheral capillaries is

capillary hydrostatic pressure

Blood is a type of _________ tissue.

connective

The final step in the coagulation phase is the

conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

The vessels that supply blood to the heart are called

coronary arteries

The tissue damage characteristic of malaria is caused by

damaged red blood cells blocking circulation to organs

The arteries of the pulmonary circuit carry

deoxygenated blood from the heart

The right atrium receives

deoxygenated blood from the vena cava

The veins of the systemic circuit carry

deoxygenated blood to the heart

What is the role of capillaries?

diffusion between blood and fluids.

a blood clot that does not retain its vessel wall location because a

embolus

The plasma component with a role in blood clotting is called

fibrinogen

The embryonic remains of the connection between atria is tgrv

fossa ovalis

The best description of the heart is that it is

four paired pumps

The percent of whole blood volume contributed by formed elements is the

hematocrit

A disease characterized by a loss of a single clotting factor is

hemophilia

Adult males typically have _____ packed cell volumes than females because they have more ________

higher; androgens

As vessels become smaller, peripheral resistance

increases

Tissue damage caused by circulation interruption is called

infarction

Anemia can result from inadequate

iron

Red blood cells traveling through veins

lack oxygen and are burgundy

The left atrium and ventricle are supplied blood by the

left coronary artery

The fibrous remnants of the fetal connection between the aorta and the pulmonary trunk is called the

ligamentum arteriosum

a common location for venipuncture is the

median cubital vein

The blood vessels that deliver blood directly to the skeletal muscles and internal organs are

muscular arteries

The thickest layer of the heat is the

myocardium

The white blood cell that phagocytoses injured and infected tissue is the

neutrophil

When the ventricles contract, the semilunar valves are __________ and the atrioventricular valves are

open; closed

The fluid lubricating the opposing surfaces of membrane in the pericardial cavity is called

pericardial fluid

The formed elements with a role in blood clotting are

platelets.

The blood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs comprise the

pulmonary circuit

The circuit that begins at the right ventricle and ends at the left atrium is the

pulmonary circuit

The circuit that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs is the

pulmonary circuit

The most abundant formed elements are

red blood cells.

Blood is able to raise body temperature by

redistribute heat from skeletal muscles to sensitive organs

Platelets trigger coagulation by

releasing clogging factors.

Problems do not develop for Rh-negative mothers during their first pregnancy with an Rh-positive child because

sensitization has not occurred.

a condition characterized by multiplication of a pathogen in blood is called

septicemia

The average pH of blood falls in a range of

slightly alkaline

The bone lying anterior to the heart is the

sternum

cardiac output depends on

stroke volume and heart rate

The right atrium receives blood from the

superior and inferior vena cava

The circuit that travels through the left side of the heart is the

systemic circuit

An accelerated heart rate about 100 beats per minute is called

tachycardia

The right atrioventricular valve is the

tricuspid

Individuals with sickle cell anemia have inherited

two copies of the sickling gene

The midsagittal section through the trunk would divide the heart

unequally, with most on the left side

Weak venous valves can result in

varicose veins

Local contraction of smooth muscle in response to damage is called

vascular spasm

Increasing the diameter of a blood vessel by relaxing a muscle is called

vasodilation

The afferent vessels of the heart are

veins

The majority of the body's blood volume at one time is found within the

veins

The amount of blood arriving at the right ventricle each minute is

venous return

The T wave of an ECG corresponds to

ventricular diastole

the serous membrane covering the heart is the

visceral pericardium

The most effective way to aid venous return in lower limbs following any surgery is to

walk to contract leg skeletal muscles

Blood that has an unaltered composition is called

whole blood.