Chapter 11
Early Identification and Assessment
-By circumventing maltreatment, the pathway from victimization to delinquency can be minimized -Parents and guardians comprise over 90% of abuse and neglect perpetrators -Family Assessment Approach
What are the risk factors associated with substance abuse?
-Early aggressive behavior -Lack of parental supervision, -Substance use by caregiver -Drug availability -Association with deviant peers -Lack of caring adult relationships, -Traumatic life events -Mental health difficulties
What are the diffrent types of parent training/education programs
-Family Connections program -Triple P (Positive Parenting Program) -Parent-Child Interaction Therapy -Incredible Years Program
What are public education and Information method?
-Important in promoting positive parenting -Share protocols for reporting suspected victimizations
What are Family/Parent Support Groups
-Increased recognition of prevention/treatment of child maltreatment -Peer-supported and facilitator-led programming -Evaluations have found that programs were more effective for some families than home-visiting services
What public concerns prompted legislation in Child Sexual Abuse
-Legislation included increased sexual offender registration, community notification of offender residences, residency restrictions, longer criminal sentence, and civil commitments Has lead to a decrease
What are Mentoring Programs?
-Most common intervention utilized -Narrow focus on the outcomes -Goals focus on minimizing risk factors -Significant comorbidity across the problem areas that mentoring programs try to address -Generally positive outcomes, though the impact is moderate at best
What are Residential Treatment?
Alternative to incarceration for youthful offenders with serious emotional, behavioral or substance use problems, includes behavioral management, 24 hour supervision and, medication, Few studies shown improvement in substance dependency
Child Sex Abuse
CPS is almost always trying to remove the child and sometimes temporary but can be permanently removed Cases of sexual abuse have decreased in the past two decades
What are the Diffrent types of Prevention Programs
Child First Programs Project 12-Ways/Safecare program These two programs have been found effective in addressing the risk for future maltreatment
What are other methods for parents and families?
Family/Parent Support Groups Public Education and Information
What is the CIVITAS/CCC Core Assessment
Focuses on the same domains as the SDM model Also includes medical needs, family social areas, life history of traumatic events, emotional difficulties, and academic/cognitive challenges, and provides risk and intervention directives
What are the elements of effective programs
For Individual: self-control of emotions, increased problem solving and and positive relationships For parents: focus on improving parenting competencies For the family: positive and stable living and school environments
What are the specific types of treatments for Adolescents with ADHD?
Functional Family Theory (FFT) -modify individual behaviors and cognitions with the family as the focus Multisystemic Therapy (MST) uses a framework of modifying individual behaviors and cognitions with multiple systems as its focus
What is the Health Families America Program
Home Visting Program that employs trained paraprofessionals to provide services to parents from the prenatal period up to 5
What is the head start program
Home Visting Program that provides in-home parent training and center-based early care and education for children with paraprofessionals and teachers
What is the Nurse-Family Partnership program
Home visting Program that works with works with low-income, first-time mothers prenatally and up to 2 years of the child's age
Intervention for Maltreatment Victims
Intervention very according to the victimization type or maltreatment effects Intervention are aimed at short-term intervention and stabilization
Depression and Suicide Prevention
Interventions that are effective are cognitive-behavioral approaches attuned to adolescent development Comorbid problems increase risk- As the number of risk factors increases, the risk for suicidal behavior among adolescents also increase
What are the different treatments of sex offenders?
Mental health treatment in more effective for juvenile offenders (One-third of identified offenders are juveniles) Education and training programs to increase children awareness and self-protection against predation One-thirid of all identified sexual offenders are juveniles
What treatment is used for sex-offenders?
Mental health treatment is more effective for juveniles offenders Education and training programs to increase children's awareness and self-protection against predation One-third of all identified sexual offenders are juveniles
Trauma assesment
Number of assessment measures that can be used
What are the types of Home Visting Programs
Nurse-Family Partnership Healthy Families America Early Head Start •A direct decrease in reported child maltreatment has not been established from these programs
What are the substance abuse treatments?
Residential Treatment Mentoring Programs
What is Structured Decision-Making (SDM) model
Set of assessment tools that identify key decision points within each child protection agency case and provides intervention
What is the Structured Decision- Making (SDM) model?
Set of assessment tools that identify key decision points within each child protection agency case and provides intervention
What are the different Maltreatment-Victimization Assessments
Structured Decision-Making (SDM) model CIVITAS/CCC Core Assessment
What are two Maltreatment-Victimization Assessments
Structured Decision-Making (SDM) model CIVITAS/CCC Core Assessment
Trauma-Informed Care
Trauma can be the outcome of numerous adverse experiences Significant advances in treatment for childhood trauma -An effective intervention is Trauma-focused Coping in Schools (also known as Multimodality Trauma Treatment Trauma-Focused Coping) •Curriculum is based upon cognitive-behavior techniques focused on teaching coping skills •Most helpful when started at least 1 month after the traumatic event
What are the three types of programs for substance abuse prevention
Universal--to all young people within a certain environment Selective--to families at high risk for substance abuse Indicated--to certain adolescents who are identified as high risk
Triple P (Positive Parenting Program)
based on social learning theory, incorporates various intervention techniques and five levels of intervention
Parent-child Interaction Therapy
based on social learning theory, teaches and coaches parenting behavior-management techniques to regulate parents' own emotions, maintain limits in parenting, and work with disruptive children
Why does not substance abuse treatment sometimes not work?
because of high dropout rates and recidivism
What is motivational interviewing
designed more to move individuals toward addressing their risk factors for substance abuse than treating the substance abuse itself. Based on a philosophy that young people want their substance use behavior to end but are not able to act on this willingness
What is psychopharmacology?
is important in stabilizing serious depressive symptoms
What are child first programs?
provides assessment, consultation, and intervention services with a care coordinator
What is the Project 12-way Saefcare Program
provides parent training in specific risk areas with specialized staff
Incredible Years Program
utilizes specific behavioral techniques and sequential learning steps in different settings with parents and children to improve strength-based skill building
Family Connections program
works with at-risk parents and grandparents to prevent child maltreatment through in-home training and service provider coordination
What are the different types of treatments for Adloescents with ADHD
•Behaviorally focused strategies are helpful when they use clear standards, completion of specific tasks, positive reinforcement, easily understandable instructions, and follow-up supervision •Cognitive-behavioral treatment interventions have been effective in reducing aggressive and antisocial behaviors
What are treatments/interventions of Behaviorally Based Disorders?
•Conduct and Oppositional Defiant Disorders •Programs and interventions target both parents and children -Parent management training -Behavioral Parent Training •Based on social learning theory but stronger focus on behavioral management •Emphasis is on the importance of observing and modeling the behaviors and attitudes of others
What is the CIVITAS/CCC COre Assessment
•Focuses on the same domains as the SDM model •Also includes medical needs, family social areas, life history of traumatic events, emotional difficulties, and academic/cognitive challenges, and provides risk and intervention directives
What are the medications for Attention- Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?
•Interventions are effective in treating or managing symptoms •Medication has also been widely prescribed including antidepressants, stimulants, and powerful psychiatric drugs -Medications do not cure ADHD but control the symptoms •Use of medications conjointly with behavior therapy, counseling, and/or academic support may be most effective
What are Parent Training/Education Program and what do they do?
•Parents who maltreat their children often lack certain parenting abilities, child-rearing knowledge, or the psychological makeup to be positive caregivers •can improve with intervention •Programs should focus more narrowly on maltreatment risks if the effort is to be successful
Substance Abuse Prevention cont
•Preventing substance use is easier and less costly than substance use treatment •Schools can play an important role by improving academic as and social skills •Parental skills training can improve rule-setting, monitoring, and consistent disciplinary actions •Should target enhancement of protective factors and reduction of risk factors
What are treatments of anxiety disorders?
•Two most effective treatments are: •Cognitive-behavioral therapy •Pharmacotherapy (medications) •Effective therapies typically include exposure therapy, cognitive restructuring and modeling -Children learn to recognize anxious feeling and reaction to anxiety -Children develop coping mechanisms for anxiety-inducing situations
What is the Ecological/Psychological Model?
•Uses a multidimensional approach to understand offending behaviors, delinquency, and/or school exclusion outcomes •Risk and protective factors are identified and strategically analyzed for assessment and treatment •Accounts for developmental stage of the child and how the age of onset and the cumulative impact of multiple difficulties impacts risks •Model investigates the life course of the young person in relation to the people and events that are impactful along the way
What is the ecological/psychological model?
•Uses a multidimensional approach to understand offending behaviors, delinquency, and/or school exclusion outcomes •Risk and protective factors are identified and strategically analyzed for assessment and treatment •Accounts for developmental stage of the child and how the age of onset and the cumulative impact of multiple difficulties impacts risks •Model investigates the life course of the young person in relation to the people and events that are impactful along the way
