Chapter 11

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Anything that gives up an H ion

Acid

Anything that takes in an H ion

Base

H2CO3

Carbonic acid

HBr

H+ + Br-

H2CO3

H+ + HCO3-

H2S

H+ + HS-

stronger acid? HS− or H2CO3

H2CO3

OH-

H2O

CO32−(aq)+H2O⇌HCO3−(aq)+OH−(aq)

H2O is the acid (proton donor); CO32− is the base (proton acceptor).

H2SO4(aq)+H2O(l)→H3O+(aq)+HSO4−(aq)

H2SO4 is the acid (proton donor); H2O is the base (proton acceptor).

NH4+ or H3O+ stronger acid?

H3O+

CH3−COO−(aq)+H3O+(aq)⇌H2O(l)+CH3−COOH(aq)

H3O+ is the acid (proton donor); CH3−COO− is the base (proton acceptor).

stronger acid? H2SO4 or H3PO4

H3PO4

HNO3 or HCO3− . stronger acid?

HCO3−

stronger acid? HI or HF

HI

NO2-

HNO2

stronger acid? HBr or HNO3

HNO3

Binary Acids

Hydrogen and nonmetal ion. Hydro ic. EX: Hydrochloric acid HCL

Conjugate acid- base pairs

In any Bronsted Lowry acid- base reaction, there are two conjugate acid- base pairs. Each pair is related by the loss and gain of H+. Charges have to balance

Arrhenius Acids

Most basic, any substance placed in water that creates a Hydrogen ion. Are electrolytes. Taste sour in solution. Change indication color- litmus turns red and phenolphthalein turns colorless.

NH3

NH4+

Oxo acids

Polyatomic ion in them. EX: HNO3- nitric acid HNO2- nitrous acid

Bronsted- Lowry Acids and Bases

Protons are H ions. Can be monoprotic (HCL) Or can be polyprotic ( H2SO4) Accepts a H+

Amphiprotic (amphoteric) substances

Substance which can act as an acid or base. Water Hydrogen Carbonate

Arrhenius Bases

Tend to be ionic compounds. Form OH- when placed in water solutions. Taste better in solution Change indicator color- litmus turns blue, phenolphthalein turns pink. Feel slippery or soapy in solution

Acid base reaction

Transfer of Hydrogen ion

Acid

Turns litmus red

H3PO4(aq)+H2O(l)←−→H3O+(aq)+H2PO4−(aq)

acid H3PO4 conjugate base H2PO4− ; base H2O conjugate acid H3O+

HBr(aq)+NH3(aq)←−→NH4+(aq)+Br−(aq)

acid HBr conjugate base Br− ; base NH3 conjugate acid NH4+

HNO2(aq)+CH3−CH2−NH2(aq)←−→NO2−(aq)+CH3−CH2−NH+3(aq)

acid HNO2 conjugate base NO2−; base CH3−CH2−NH2 conjugate acid CH3−CH2−NH3+

Amphoteric

can react as an acid or base

HCIO2

chlorous acid

Both acid and bases

conducts electrical current in solution

HBr

hydrobromic acid

Ate

ic

Base

neutralizes acids, has a slippery feel, and produces OH- in water

ite

ous

A weak acid is _____ dissociated in an aqueous solution

slightly

A weak acid has a _____ value of Ka

small

A weak acid has a ____ conjugate base

strong


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