Chapter 11
Anything that gives up an H ion
Acid
Anything that takes in an H ion
Base
H2CO3
Carbonic acid
HBr
H+ + Br-
H2CO3
H+ + HCO3-
H2S
H+ + HS-
stronger acid? HS− or H2CO3
H2CO3
OH-
H2O
CO32−(aq)+H2O⇌HCO3−(aq)+OH−(aq)
H2O is the acid (proton donor); CO32− is the base (proton acceptor).
H2SO4(aq)+H2O(l)→H3O+(aq)+HSO4−(aq)
H2SO4 is the acid (proton donor); H2O is the base (proton acceptor).
NH4+ or H3O+ stronger acid?
H3O+
CH3−COO−(aq)+H3O+(aq)⇌H2O(l)+CH3−COOH(aq)
H3O+ is the acid (proton donor); CH3−COO− is the base (proton acceptor).
stronger acid? H2SO4 or H3PO4
H3PO4
HNO3 or HCO3− . stronger acid?
HCO3−
stronger acid? HI or HF
HI
NO2-
HNO2
stronger acid? HBr or HNO3
HNO3
Binary Acids
Hydrogen and nonmetal ion. Hydro ic. EX: Hydrochloric acid HCL
Conjugate acid- base pairs
In any Bronsted Lowry acid- base reaction, there are two conjugate acid- base pairs. Each pair is related by the loss and gain of H+. Charges have to balance
Arrhenius Acids
Most basic, any substance placed in water that creates a Hydrogen ion. Are electrolytes. Taste sour in solution. Change indication color- litmus turns red and phenolphthalein turns colorless.
NH3
NH4+
Oxo acids
Polyatomic ion in them. EX: HNO3- nitric acid HNO2- nitrous acid
Bronsted- Lowry Acids and Bases
Protons are H ions. Can be monoprotic (HCL) Or can be polyprotic ( H2SO4) Accepts a H+
Amphiprotic (amphoteric) substances
Substance which can act as an acid or base. Water Hydrogen Carbonate
Arrhenius Bases
Tend to be ionic compounds. Form OH- when placed in water solutions. Taste better in solution Change indicator color- litmus turns blue, phenolphthalein turns pink. Feel slippery or soapy in solution
Acid base reaction
Transfer of Hydrogen ion
Acid
Turns litmus red
H3PO4(aq)+H2O(l)←−→H3O+(aq)+H2PO4−(aq)
acid H3PO4 conjugate base H2PO4− ; base H2O conjugate acid H3O+
HBr(aq)+NH3(aq)←−→NH4+(aq)+Br−(aq)
acid HBr conjugate base Br− ; base NH3 conjugate acid NH4+
HNO2(aq)+CH3−CH2−NH2(aq)←−→NO2−(aq)+CH3−CH2−NH+3(aq)
acid HNO2 conjugate base NO2−; base CH3−CH2−NH2 conjugate acid CH3−CH2−NH3+
Amphoteric
can react as an acid or base
HCIO2
chlorous acid
Both acid and bases
conducts electrical current in solution
HBr
hydrobromic acid
Ate
ic
Base
neutralizes acids, has a slippery feel, and produces OH- in water
ite
ous
A weak acid is _____ dissociated in an aqueous solution
slightly
A weak acid has a _____ value of Ka
small
A weak acid has a ____ conjugate base
strong