chapter 11 And 12 Apush
Why was the south on the cutting edge of the market revolution by 1840?
It produced and exported over to - thirds of the worlds cotton supply.
Which of the following describes the purpose of Henry David Thoreau's book Walden?
It was written to document Walden's spiritual search for meaning beyond the artificiality of "civilized" life.
Which of the following statements characterizes the planter elite of the upper south in the early and mid-1800s?
Many elite planters considered themselves benevolent masters.
Who was a critic for the New York Tribune, an editor of The Dial, and the author of Woman in the Nineteenth Century?
Margaret Fuller
Which of the following factors contributed to the rise of anti-immigrant sentiment in American cities in the mid-nineteenth century?
Minstrel shows
Why did a labor crisis develop in the cotton south in the first few decades of the 1800s?
Planters heading west needed many new slaves to clear, plant, and harvest the land.
Which of these factors explain the surplus of slaves in the Chesapeake region in the early 19th century?
Population growth through natural reproduction.
Why did the United States declined to annex Texas in 1837?
Pres. Van Buren feared the annexation would spark an American Civil War over the issue of slavery.
The American Lyceum movement of the 1830s engaged in which of the following efforts?
Promoting the spread of knowledge through public lectures
The domestic slave trade affected the African-American family unit before 1865 bye
Separating family members through sale and trade
Which of the following examples embodied the synthesis of African and American culture that existed in the south in the 1850s?
Sexual relations between slave woman and their masters.
Why did many northern wage earners not support abolition in the mid-eighteenth century?
Wageworkers feared that freed blacks would work for lower wages and compete for jobs.
Which of the following is properly paired?
Walt Whitman—Leaves of Grass
Which of the following describes the Fourierist movement in America?
It demonstrated the difficulty of creating enduring utopian communities.
Why did Harriet Beecher Stowe pen her novel Uncle Tom's Cabin, which was published in 1852?
Stowe sought to depict slavery as degrading to slave women.
During the 1840s, American women's rights activists focused on which of the following goals?
Strengthening the legal rights of married women
In the early 1800s, free blacks in the North were encouraged to "elevate" themselves through which of the following activities?
Temperance
Which of these groups accounted for the largest percentage of white population in the mid - 19th - century cotton south?
Tenant farmers and day laborers
The US federal government participated in the expansion of slavery during the mid - 1800s through which of the following?
The Indian removal act
The public movement for women's rights developed out of which of the following sources in the 1840s?
The Second Great Awakening
Which of the following was the critical catalyst for antebellum reform movements?
The Second Great Awakening
Which of these factors created a majority economic obstacle for small, family farmers aiming to improve their lot in the mid - 19th - century south?
The cotton revolution
Which of these factors contributed to the development of an increasingly homogeneous African-American culture in the rural South in the 19th century?
The development of the Gullah dialect
Which of the following statements characterizes the domestic slave trade in the 19th century?
The domestic market brought wealth to American traders.
Which of the following statements characterizes the Cotton planter class in Alabama, Mississippi, and Texas in the mid - 19th century.
The goal of the planter class was to make money.
In the late 1840s and the 1850s, Emersonians did which of the following?
Abandoned their quest to create new social institutions
Which of these factors prompted many plantation masters to reduce reliance on violence and adopt positive incentives to motivate slaves in the 1830s and 1840s?
Abolitionist scrutiny
The Oneida Community, founded in 1839 by John Humphrey Noyes, was known for which of the following practices?
Complex marriage
Which of the following statements describes the institution of slavery in the 19th - century south?
About 5% of southern whites owned 50% of the slave population.
Which of the following characterizes the plantation labor system of the Southern cotton industry?
African-American slaves worked from sun up to sundown all year long.
Abolitionist leaders used which of the following in their crusade to end slavery in the middle of the 1800s?
Aid to fugitive slaves
What did Alexis de Tocqueville mean when he used the term individualism to describe American society in 1835?
Americans lived in social isolation, without any ties to caste, class, association, or family.
Who founded the Liberty Party in 1840?
Antislavery leaders who had broken with Garrison
Which of these statements describes the planter Aristocrats who lived in the cotton growing regions of the south in the mid-19th-century?
Aristocratic planters took the lead in defending slavery as a benevolent social system.
Which of the following describes the changes in slaves living conditions in the early 19 century?
As blacks formed stronger social, family, and cultural ties, they resisted the break up of families through sale by their owners.
Which of the following pairs is properly matched?
Benjamin Banneker - mathematician and surveyor; helped lay out Washington, D.C.
Slaves' practice of "taking root" involved which of the following?
Building the best possible lives for themselves as slaves
How did planters attempt to resolve a labor crisis in the cotton south in the early 19th century?
By buying domestic slaves from the Chesapeake region.
Which of the following were core institutions for African-American society in the mid - 19 - century south?
Church and family
Under the task system, slaves were required to
Complete a precisely defined job each day.
By 1860, the majority of African Americans lived and worked as slaves in which of the following regions?
Deep south
Horace Mann and Catharine Beecher were both actively involved in which of the following movements in the 1840s?
Educational reform
Mid-nineteenth-century publications such as Godey's Lady's Book and Catharine Beecher's Treatise on Domestic Economy did which of the following?
Emphasized the social importance of homemaking and domesticity
In the cotton - growing regions of the south, which of the following was true of the gang-labor system of work?
Gang-labor depended upon the work of white overseers and black drivers.
Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote about which of the following in his essays and lectures?
He argued that people should reject old conventions and discover their original relation with nature.
Which of the following statements is true about William Lloyd Garrison?
He attacked the U.S. Constitution because it condoned slavery.
In his 1829 pamphlet, An Appeal . . . to the Colored Citizens of the World, David Walker did which of the following?
He justified slave rebellion and warned white Americans that violence and retribution would come if justice were delayed.
Which of the following statements about Emerson is correct?
He was a Unitarian minister who eventually rejected organized religion.
Which of the following individuals went to jail rather than pay taxes in support of the Mexican War and slavery?
Henry David Thoreau
Which of the following factors was critical in the ballooning populations of cities like New York in the mid-nineteenth century?
Immigration
In the 19th - century south, free blacks live primarily
In the coastal cities in the upper south.
Which of the following statements characterizes blacks' resistance to slavery by the 1820s?
In their situation, most blacks had no choice but to build the best possible lives for themselves.
Which of the following qualities did Henry David Thoreau urge in his readers, as demonstrated by the statement, "If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer"?
Individuality
Which of the following attributes of American society did the planter aristocracy in the south value highly in the mid 19th century?
Inequality
Which of the following describes The Book of Mormon, published in 1830?
It claimed that Jesus Christ visited an ancient American civilization soon after his resurrection.
As a result of Turner's Rebellion, the Virginia legislature did which of the following in the 1830s?
It debated but rejected a bill providing for gradual emancipation and colonization.
Many African American slaves who converted to Christianity compared themselves to which of the following groups?
Jews
Which of the following methods was a highly uncommon form of slave resistance in the slave south?
Large-scale uprisings
Which of the following areas is correctly matched with its primary crop?
Louisiana - sugar
The Alabama constitution of 1819 did which of the following?
Made county supervisors and sheriffs elected positions
Efforts by women reformers to regulate sexual behavior resulted in laws in Massachusetts and New York that did which of the following?
Made seduction of women a crime
For which of the following reasons did the Salt Lake Mormons succeed and thrive in the nineteenth century even as other social experiments failed?
Mormon society had strong, hierarchical leadership.
Which of the following contributed to the harassment and persecution of Mormons at Nauvoo in the early 1840s?
Mormons' power as a voting bloc in local elections
Which of these statements most accurately describes the experience of free blacks in the early 19th - century United States?
Most held low-wage jobs as farmworkers, day laborers, or laundresses.
Which of these concepts became is central tenet of slave Christianity in the south in the 19th century?
Obedience to authority
Small holding planters in the 19th century south owned about how many slaves, on average?
One to five
Which of the following was an evangelical movement that believed the Second Coming of Christ had already occurred and people could attain complete freedom from sin?
Perfectionism
Which of the following statements characterizes African-American marriage customs in the slave south?
Slave couples often followed the African custom of "jumping the broom" to signify their Union.
The notion of slavery as a "necessary evil" and a "positive good" was supported by which idea?
Slavery allowed a civilized lifestyle for whites and cared for genetically inferior blacks.
Which statement characterizes the typical relationship between slaves and their masters in the 1850s?
Slaves were investments and therefore were generally provided with clothes, shelter, and enough food to keep them healthy.
What did Ralph Waldo Emerson believe would promote an individual's mystical union with God and achievement of self-realization?
Spending time alone in nature
In its campaign to end slavery, the American Anti-Slavery Society embraced which of the following tactics?
Sponsoring public lectures and collecting signatures on antislavery petitions
What was the gag rule passed by the House of Representatives in 1836?
The policy automatically tabled and prevented discussion of any antislavery petitions received by the House.
The cotton boom that began in the 1810s set which of the following results in motion?
The redistribution of the African American population.
Which of these factors contributed to the tremendous increase in commercialized sex in the new cities of the mid-nineteenth century?
The subsistence wages and exploitative conditions of women's jobs
Why was the domestic slave trade crucial to the southern economy?
The trade provided tens of thousands of new workers to build plantations.
Which of the following statements was true of the American south in 1860?
The vast majority of southern white families did not own any slaves.
Which of the following statements describes the relationship between the economies of the north and the south in the mid - 19th century?
The wealth of industrializing the north east was increasing more quickly than that of the south.
The Shakers' name came from which of the following?
Their particular form of worship
By the early 1840s, Garrison and his supporters in the American Anti-Slavery Society had transformed their agenda in which of the following ways?
They advocated a broad-based reform program, embracing women's rights as well as the rights of American blacks.
Which of the following describes the nineteenth-century Shakers?
They allowed both women and men to govern their communities.
Why are the Oneidians, Shakers, and Fourierists historically significant?
They articulated criticisms of the class divisions created by the market economy.
Which of the following is true of free blacks in the south?
They became the backbone of the south's urban artisan workforce.
Which of the following did Nathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville have in common?
They criticized transcendentalism and warned against excessive individualism.
Which of these factors made enslaved African Americans reluctant to attempt to escape the north?
They hesitated to leave their families and communities behind.
What prevented planter elites from exercising complete political dominance over the cotton south in the 1830s and 1840s?
They lived in the republican society with democratic institutions that elicited input from all white men
Which of the following describes the residents of the Brook Farm community of the 1840s?
They wanted to combine farming with study and a lively intellectual life.
Which of the following describes the minstrel shows that became popular in American cities in the 1840s?
They were a popular form of entertainment and social criticism.
Which of these statements describes the southern rice planters of the mid 19th century?
They were at the apex of the plantation aristocracy.
Children born in slave communities in the 19th-century South often shared which of these characteristics?
They were named after family members.
Which of the following statements describes the class of property list white's living in the south in the mid - 19th century?
They worked hard physical jobs as day laborers and enjoyed little respect from other whites.
What was the purpose of the Female Moral Reform Society, which middle-class New York women founded in 1834?
To provide moral guidance for young, working women who were living away from their families
Which of the following was a result of the Turner Rebellion of the 1830s?
Tougher slave codes and restrictions were implemented.
Henry David Thoreau, Margaret Fuller, and Ralph Waldo Emerson were well known for their involvement in which of the following movements?
Transcendentalism
The philosophy that people could gain mystical knowledge and harmony beyond the world of the senses is known as which of the following?
Transcendentalism
What prevented white southerners from working to diversify their economy in the nineteenth century?
Wealthy planters believed that the plantation economy would continue to produce wealth indefinitely.
How did women participate in the abolition movement in the mid-eighteenth century?
Women abolitionists established influential groups such as the Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society.
Which factor lead to planters need to smuggle slaves into the country rather then import them legally?
congressional legislation
Mob violence against abolitionist efforts in the 1830s and 1840s was
often directed against "respectable" black organizations such as churches and against orphanages.
In their book American Slavery as It Is, Theodore Dwight Weld and the Grimké sisters
presented testimony from individual southerners about the evils of slavery.
