chapter 11 and 12 test

Which of the following people would not be a part of the interdisciplinary team involved with treatment of motor speech disorders?

dentists

The umbrella term used to refer to a voice that is disordered in some way is

dysphonia

which motor speech disorder is most common?

dystarthria

T/F Motor planning refers to the processes responsible for activating relevant muscles during the movements used in speech production.

false

T/F When treating someone with a motor speech disorder you should give constant, immediate feedback.

false

T/F developmental dysarthria is not present at birth

false

Which of the following (according to the World Health Organization) is NOT an aspect of a disorder? Select one: a. Body structure b. Body function c. Activity/participation d. Finances

finances

Which is NOT one of the four sections of the tongue? Select one: a. Dorsum b. Lamina c. Apex d. Glottal

glottal

______ is a mass of tissue created by the body to help heal an ulcer.

granuloma

Which of the following refers to the vocal folds being too tense or tight?

hyperfunction

Which disorder refers to under-functioning vocal folds that do not come together adequately or evenly, allowing air to escape through the vocal folds and resulting in a breathiness or hoarseness:

hypofunction

Which type of dysarthria is most often observed in Parkinson's disease patients?

hypokinetic

Which of the following is NOT true about the prevalence and incidence of voice disorders in adults? Select one: a. The incidence rate doubles for teachers b. Incidence rates peak between the ages of 40 and 60 years old c. Prevalence and incidence rates are relatively hight among other communication disorders d. Incidence rates are higher for men than women

incidence rates are higher for men than women (its the opposite)

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a person's fundamental frequency related to the vocal folds?

intensity

The various muscles and structures in the _______ together form the phonatory system.

larynx

T/F A motor speech disorder does not result from and cannot be explained by other disorders.

true

T/F Apraxia of speech (AOS) is an impairment of motor programming and planning that involves an inability to transform a linguistic representation into the appropriate coordinated movements of the articulators.

true

T/F Contact ulcers are inflamed lesions, or ulcers, that develop on the arytenoid cartilages in the anterior region of the larynx.

true

T/F Dysarthria results from underlying neuromuscular disturbances in muscle tone, reflexes, and kinematic aspects of movement, such as speed, range, accuracy, and steadiness.

true

T/F Frequency is the rate of vocal fold vibration, expressed as cycles per second, or hertz. Also, an objective, physical measurement of vibratory rate.

true

T/F Generalization refers to application or transfer of a skill to related but untrained movement patterns.

true

T/F In a tracheostomy, an artificial airway is placed below the larynx so the individual can breathe.

true

T/F Motor planning and programming are those movements that occur before initiation of movement, while motor execution occurs at or after initiation.

true

T/F Motor speech disorders may be acquired or developmental.

true

T/F Symptoms or disorders that result from medical or clinical treatments are called iatrogenic.

true

T/F The World Health Organization outlines four aspects of a disorder.

true

T/F The human tongue is full of muscles, but it has no bone OR cartilage in it.

true

T/F Tracheoesophageal speech allows a person to speak louder and longer compared to esophageal speech.

true

T/F Vocal nodules are often known as teacher's/singer's nodules due to increased prevalence among these professions.

true

T/F Vocal nodules are the most common cause of a voice dysfunction in children.

true

T/F When not producing voice, the vocal folds rest in an abducted position.

true

The respiratory system provides the necessary breath support by pushing air out of the lungs through the:

trachea

Speech delays affect what percentage of children?

4%

In a given minute, about how may times do the vocal folds strike together to produce voice?

9000

intensity is measured in

decibels (dB)

A person who exhibits vocal tics that also occur simultaneously with other motor tics affecting the head, torso, and extremities is experiencing the effects of _______.

tourette syndrome

When not producing voice, the vocal folds rest in an open position, also referred to as:

abduction

Which of the following persons is most likely to produce a voice with the lowest frequency? Select one: a. Kindergarten-Age boy b. Kindergarten-Age girl c. Adult Male d. Adult Female

adult male

Which is a form of vocal abuse? Select one: a. Yelling, screaming or cheering b. Spending time in smoky enviroments c. Coughing or clearing throat frequently d. All of the above

all of the above

Which of the following is a characteristic of apraxia of speech? Select one: a. Effortful, slow speech with increased pauses between syllables and sounds and sound prolongations b. Distortions of speech sounds c. Impaired prosody, including a reduction of differences in pitch, duration, and loudness between stressed and unstressed syllables d. All of the above

all of the above

The total loss or lack of voice refers to:

aphonia

Apraxia affects: Select one: a. Motor planning b. Motor programming c. Motor execution d. Both motor planning and motor programming

both motor planning and motor programing

When experts group voice disorders together based on etiological classification, what are they basing their grouping on?

cause

Paralysis of the tongue will impede speech production at the level of:

motor execution

______ refers to the processes responsible for activating relevant muscles during the movements used in speech production.

motor execution

A person with which disorder is typically unable to produce a strong voice because of a weakened respiratory system?

parkinsons disease

Which is the most common measurement method to document motor speech disorders?

perceptual

Which of the following processes describes when humans volitionally set their vocal folds into vibratory pattern? Select one: a. Verbalization b. Resonation c. Phonation d. Articulation

phonation

Prosody has to deal with which system of speech production?

phonatory

Which system of speech regulates the production of voice and the prosodic, or intonational aspects of speech?

phonatory

Which of the following terms refers to medical intervention focused on the improvement, alteration, or restoration of the voice?

phonosurgery

Which of the following describes a male child or adolescent who exhibits an inappropriately high voice?

puberphonia

_________ refers to the actual vibration of the air within the pharyngeal column, which impacts the quality of the voice.

resonance

Treatment of which subsystem might include the use of a palatal lift?

resonatory

Which of the following systems regulates the vibration of the airflow as it moves from the pharynx into the oral and nasal cavity?

resonatory

Which disorder is hallmarked by vocal spasms that result in intermittent voice stoppages?

spasmodic dysphonia

Which of the following are the most common types of developmental dysarthria?

spastic and dyskinetic

This motor speech disorder is characterized by hypertonicity and hyperreflexia and is considered a developmental dysarthria present at birth:

spastic dysarthria

The most serious outcome of vagus nerve damage is:

vocal fold paralysis

What was the occupation of the person who invented the concept of the laryngoscope in 1854, contributing to vast improvements in our understanding of vocal production?

voice teacher