Chapter 11: Cardiovascular system
Where does the sinoatrial node send an impulse after it initiates the electrical signal?
AV node
Which of the following is NOT a method or pathway of movement for substances traveling across a capillary wall? - active transport using proteins and ATP - transport via vesicles by endocytosis or exocytosis - diffusion through the pores of fenestrated capillaries - diffusion through intercellular clefts - direct diffusion through the plasma membrane
active transport using proteins and ATP
Which of the following promotes vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure? - epinephrine - cold - sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system - alcohol - angiotensin II
alcohol
Which of the following hormones promotes sodium ion (and water) reabsorption by the kidney in order to increase blood pressure and blood volume?
aldosterone
What is the largest artery in the body?
aorta
The pointed, inferior portion of the heart, known as the ________, rests on the diaphragm and is oriented toward the left hip.
apex
Which type of vessel has a thick tunica media?
artery
during ____, the ventricles fill passively with blood
atrial diastole
Substances tend to leave the bloodstream at the arterial end of the capillary because ________.
blood pressure is higher than osmotic pressure at the arterial end of the capillary
Pulmonary arteries transport ________.
blood rich in carbon dioxide to the lungs
The heart sounds "lub" and "dup" result from ________.
closure of heart valves
What blood vessel do you palpate when checking the pulse in your neck?
common carotid artery
Oxygented blood nourishing the myocardium comes from vessels that branch off the aorta called ________.
coronary arteries
Which of the following supply the myocardium with oxygen-rich blood? - blood within heart chambers - superior vena cava - coronary arteries - pulmonary vein
coronary arteries
The coronary veins empty blood from the myocardium into a large vein on the posterior side of the heart known as the ________.
coronary sinus
By what pathway does oxygen leave capillaries to supply body tissues?
diffusion through capillary cell membranes
The layer of the heart wall synonymous with the visceral layer of the serous pericardium is ________.
epicardium
The vagus nerve operates under the control of the parasympathetic nervous system and causes the ________.
heart rate to decrease
Sustained elevated arterial blood pressure above 140/90 mm Hg is a condition known as ________.
hypertension (high blood pressure)
during _____, the ventricles relax and all valves are closed
isovolumetric relaxation
the four pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood to this chamber
left atrium
Heart chamber with the thickest wall
left ventricle
What chamber of the heart will blood enter after passing through the bicuspid valve?
left ventricle
What organ receives blood from the hepatic portal vein?
liver
The heart is situated within the medial section of the thoracic cavity known as the ________.
mediastinum
Due to the presence of plasma proteins, what pressure draws fluids into capillaries?
osmotic pressure
What is the function of the heart valves?
prevents backflow of blood
Which one of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood? - superior vena cava - inferior vena cava - pulmonary vein - coronary sinus
pulmonary vein
Which vessels return oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart?
pulmonary veins
The alternating expansion and recoil of an artery that occurs with each beat of the left ventricle creates a pressure wave known as a(n) ________.
pulse
The tricuspid valve is located between the ________.
right atrium and right ventricle
Which one of the following does NOT receive blood directly from the aortic arch?
right common carotid artery
heart chamber that pumps blood to the pulmonary trunk
right ventricle
Which of these describes a fenestrated capillary? - special capillary type with small pores found in tissue where absorption is important - special capillary type found in the liver - unique capillary type that helps form the blood-brain barrier - typical capillary type found in muscle, nerve tissue, and connective tissue
special capillary type with small pores found in tissue where absorption is important
From what organs does the hepatic portal vein receive blood?
stomach, intestine, spleen, and pancreas
What is the volume of blood pumped out of a ventricle with each heart beat?
stroke volume (SV)
during ____, the ventricles contract
systole
Through which valve will blood flow when leaving the right atrium?
tricuspid valve
Which valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?
tricuspid valve
Which of the following will slow the heart rate? - sympathetic nerves - excess calcium - exercise - vagus nerve stimulation
vagus nerve stimulation
Large veins have ________ to prevent the backflow of blood.
valves
Which of these will increase arterial blood pressure (BP)? - reduction of CO - vasoconstriction of arteries - decrease in peripheral resistance - increase in urine output
vasoconstriction of arteries
Which of the following vessels has the lowest blood pressure? - veins - arteries - arterioles - capillaries - venae cavae
venae cavae
The mitral valve is normally closed ________.
when the ventricle is in systole