Chapter 11: Cardiovascular system

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Where does the sinoatrial node send an impulse after it initiates the electrical signal?

AV node

Which of the following is NOT a method or pathway of movement for substances traveling across a capillary wall? - active transport using proteins and ATP - transport via vesicles by endocytosis or exocytosis - diffusion through the pores of fenestrated capillaries - diffusion through intercellular clefts - direct diffusion through the plasma membrane

active transport using proteins and ATP

Which of the following promotes vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure? - epinephrine - cold - sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system - alcohol - angiotensin II

alcohol

Which of the following hormones promotes sodium ion (and water) reabsorption by the kidney in order to increase blood pressure and blood volume?

aldosterone

What is the largest artery in the body?

aorta

The pointed, inferior portion of the heart, known as the ________, rests on the diaphragm and is oriented toward the left hip.

apex

Which type of vessel has a thick tunica media?

artery

during ____, the ventricles fill passively with blood

atrial diastole

Substances tend to leave the bloodstream at the arterial end of the capillary because ________.

blood pressure is higher than osmotic pressure at the arterial end of the capillary

Pulmonary arteries transport ________.

blood rich in carbon dioxide to the lungs

The heart sounds "lub" and "dup" result from ________.

closure of heart valves

What blood vessel do you palpate when checking the pulse in your neck?

common carotid artery

Oxygented blood nourishing the myocardium comes from vessels that branch off the aorta called ________.

coronary arteries

Which of the following supply the myocardium with oxygen-rich blood? - blood within heart chambers - superior vena cava - coronary arteries - pulmonary vein

coronary arteries

The coronary veins empty blood from the myocardium into a large vein on the posterior side of the heart known as the ________.

coronary sinus

By what pathway does oxygen leave capillaries to supply body tissues?

diffusion through capillary cell membranes

The layer of the heart wall synonymous with the visceral layer of the serous pericardium is ________.

epicardium

The vagus nerve operates under the control of the parasympathetic nervous system and causes the ________.

heart rate to decrease

Sustained elevated arterial blood pressure above 140/90 mm Hg is a condition known as ________.

hypertension (high blood pressure)

during _____, the ventricles relax and all valves are closed

isovolumetric relaxation

the four pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood to this chamber

left atrium

Heart chamber with the thickest wall

left ventricle

What chamber of the heart will blood enter after passing through the bicuspid valve?

left ventricle

What organ receives blood from the hepatic portal vein?

liver

The heart is situated within the medial section of the thoracic cavity known as the ________.

mediastinum

Due to the presence of plasma proteins, what pressure draws fluids into capillaries?

osmotic pressure

What is the function of the heart valves?

prevents backflow of blood

Which one of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood? - superior vena cava - inferior vena cava - pulmonary vein - coronary sinus

pulmonary vein

Which vessels return oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart?

pulmonary veins

The alternating expansion and recoil of an artery that occurs with each beat of the left ventricle creates a pressure wave known as a(n) ________.

pulse

The tricuspid valve is located between the ________.

right atrium and right ventricle

Which one of the following does NOT receive blood directly from the aortic arch?

right common carotid artery

heart chamber that pumps blood to the pulmonary trunk

right ventricle

Which of these describes a fenestrated capillary? - special capillary type with small pores found in tissue where absorption is important - special capillary type found in the liver - unique capillary type that helps form the blood-brain barrier - typical capillary type found in muscle, nerve tissue, and connective tissue

special capillary type with small pores found in tissue where absorption is important

From what organs does the hepatic portal vein receive blood?

stomach, intestine, spleen, and pancreas

What is the volume of blood pumped out of a ventricle with each heart beat?

stroke volume (SV)

during ____, the ventricles contract

systole

Through which valve will blood flow when leaving the right atrium?

tricuspid valve

Which valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?

tricuspid valve

Which of the following will slow the heart rate? - sympathetic nerves - excess calcium - exercise - vagus nerve stimulation

vagus nerve stimulation

Large veins have ________ to prevent the backflow of blood.

valves

Which of these will increase arterial blood pressure (BP)? - reduction of CO - vasoconstriction of arteries - decrease in peripheral resistance - increase in urine output

vasoconstriction of arteries

Which of the following vessels has the lowest blood pressure? - veins - arteries - arterioles - capillaries - venae cavae

venae cavae

The mitral valve is normally closed ________.

when the ventricle is in systole


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