chapter 11

I say: "Gram-negative bacteria, that are typically kidney-bean-shaped cocci in pairs. You say:

"Neisseria"

Nitrogen fixation, or the process of converting nitrogen gas (N2) into ammonia, is an exclusive ability of ______.

prokaryotes

The purpose of the sheath in sheathed bacteria is for ______.

protection

The purple bacteria are Gram-negative organisms that can appear ______ due to their light-harvesting pigments.

red purple orange

By definition, obligate intracellular parasites cannot ______.

replicate outside of a host cell

Obligate aerobes obtain energy using----exclusively; none of them can ferment.

respiration

All of the following are characteristics shared by both Helicobacter and Campylobacter EXCEPT ______.

they cause diarrheal disease in humans

Bacteria that oxidize sulfur are Gram-negative rods or spirals that ______.

use sulfur compounds as an energy source and oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor

How do obligate aerobes obtain energy?

using respiration only

Oxygenic phototrophs use ______ as a source of electrons for reducing power, generating O2.

water

Characterized members of the domain ______ typically thrive in extreme environments, such as high heat, acidity, alkalinity, and salinity.

Archaea

Which of the following genera of endospore formers include both obligate aerobes and facultative anaerobes?

Bacillus

______ species are Gram-negative, strictly anaerobic, make up about a third of the bacteria in fecal matter in humans, and are associated with abscesses and bloodstream infections.

Bacteroides

species are Gram-negative curved rods that are highly motile and prey on other Gram-negative rods by boring a hole in their cell wall.

Bdellovibrio

An organism found in an environment that is very hot and acidic is most likely a member of the domain

Blank 1: Archaea

Chemoorganotrophs oxidize----compounds such as glucose to obtain energy.

Blank 1: organic

Aerobic chemolithotrophs obtain energy by oxidizing reduced inorganic chemicals, using----as a terminal electron acceptor.

Blank 1: oxygen, oxygen gas, or O2

Aerobic chemolithotrophs obtain energy by oxidizing reduced inorganic chemicals, using---as a terminal electron acceptor.

Blank 1: oxygen, oxygen gas, or O2

Staphylococcus epidermidis is part of the normal microbiota of the

Blank 1: skin

Humans infected with Helicobacter pylori may develop peptic

Blank 1: ulcer or ulcers

Members of the family Enterobacteriaceae are _______.

Gram-negative rods

Which of the following genera of organisms forms a beneficial symbiotic relationship with plants?

Rhizobium

Which of the following genera of organisms forms a beneficial symbiotic relationship with plants?.

Rhizobium

How do aerobic chemoorganotrophs obtain their energy?

by oxidizing organic compounds by using O2 as a terminal electron acceptor

Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria ______.

can sometimes grow in filaments can use hydrogen sulfide or thiosulfate as an energy source

In addition to being photosynthetic, many cyanobacteria have the ability to convert nitrogen gas (N2) into ______, a process known as nitrogen fixation

ammonia

The cells of species in the genus Neisseria are ______.

cocci typically found in pairs Gram-negative

Which of the following were likely the earliest photosynthesizing organisms?

anoxygenic phototrophs

Of the various types of dormant cells, the ______ is the most resistant to environmental extremes.

endospore

Aerobic chemolithotrophs

gain energy via the oxidation of reduced inorganic chemicals, using O2 as a terminal electron acceptor.

An organism that requires a minimum of 9% NaCl would be called an extreme ______.

halophile

An organism that cannot reproduce outside of a host cell is termed an

obligate intracellular

Aerobic chemoorganotrophs gain energy via the _______, using O2 as a terminal electron acceptor.

oxidation of organic compounds

Campylobacter jejuni infections are commonly associated with ______.

diarrhea

Prosthecate bacteria form projections called prosthecae, which are extensions of the cytoplasm and cell wall. These prosthecae ______.

facilitate absorption of nutrients

Prokaryotes that grows well in an environment that contains 32% NaCl would be called extreme

halophiles

Cyanobacteria are a group of _______ bacteria.

photosynthetic Gram-negative

Ecophysiology is the study of the ______.

physiological mechanisms bacteria and archaea use to live in terrestrial and aquatic environments

The two most common genera of Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria that form endospores are ______.

Bacillus Clostridium

Azotobacter species produce a resting cell called a(n)----, that allows the organism to withstand drying and ultraviolet radiation.

Blank 1: cyst

Unlike in other anoxygenic phototrophs, in purple bacteria, the components of the photosynthetic apparatus are all located in the cell's-----membrane.

Blank 1: cytoplasmic or plasma

The study of the various adaptations prokaryotes use to survive terrestrial and aquatic environments is called

Blank 1: ecophysiology

The green bacteria are Gram-----organisms that are typically green or brownish in color.

Blank 1: negative

Spirochetes are bacteria that are ______ and possess a unique mechanism of _______.

Gram-negative; motility

Endospore-forming bacteria are typically ______.

Gram-positive rods

Most of the anaerobic chemolithotrophs that have been discovered are members of what domain?

archaea

Nitrifiers can be described as bacteria that ______.

are Gram-negative obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic nitrogen compounds such as ammonium or nitrite

Bdellovibrio species ______.

prey on Gram negative bacteria like E. coli bore a hole in the cell wall of their prey are highly motile Gram-negative curved rods

As a group, anaerobic chemoorganotrophs ______.

produce ATP via substrate level phosphorylation can obtain energy via fermentation

Aside from green and purple bacteria, Gram-positive endospore forming rods of the genus ______ are also anoxygenic phototrophs.​

Heliobacterium

bacteria have projections called prosthecae, which are extensions of the cytoplasm and cell wall that increase the surface area to facilitate absorption of nutrients.

Blank 1: prosthecate

Like the green and purple bacteria, members of the genus Heliobacterium are also examples of anoxygenic phototrophs. They are ______ bacteria related to members of the genus Clostridium.

Gram-positive rod-shaped endospore-forming

The earliest oxygenic phototrophs probably belonged to a group of bacteria called the

cyanobacteria

The resting cell produced by Azotobacter species that allows the organism to survive drying and ultraviolet radiation is called a(n) ______.

cyst

Scientists are interested in studying the growth of extreme----archaea that grow near volcanic vents and fissures because these conditions are thought to mimic early earth's environment.

thermophiles

Which of the following correctly describe relationships between genera of bacteria and their means for obtaining nutrients from plants?

Rhizobium species form a mutually beneficial relationship with certain types of plants. Agrobacterium species are plant pathogens that cause tumor-like growths.

Which of the following bacteria is typically a harmless resident of the skin?

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Organisms that form storage granules include ______.

Thiomargarita Spirillum Thioploca

Enterobacteriaceae get their name because they reside in the ______ tract of humans and animals.

intestinal

The normal habitat of Bacteroides species in humans includes the ______.

intestines genital tract mouth

Species of Campylobacter and Helicobacter are ______.

microaerophilic curved, Gram-negative rods

A diverse group of Gram-negative bacteria that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic nitrogen compounds such as ammonium or nitrate are known as

nitrifiers

Many cyanobacteria can convert nitrogen gas (N2) to ammonia, which is a process called ______.

nitrogen fixation

A group of Gram-negative bacteria has a spiral shape and a unique motility mechanism that allows them to move through thick, viscous substances. This group is called the

spirochetes

The motile cells found in sheathed bacteria are called ______ cells, and these exit through the end of the sheath

swarmer

Which of the following can be used to distinguish between members of the genus Bacillus and Clostridium?

their oxygen requirements

Hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria such as Aquifex and Hydrogenobacter are _____

thermophilic Gram-negative obligate chemolithotrophs

A reason why environments that are routinely exposed to O2 can support anaerobic growth is that ______.

O2-consuming organisms depletes the oxygen levels

The purpose of storage granules produced by some bacteria is to store ______.

nutrients

Extreme thermophiles are found near ______.

hot springs volcanic vents hydrothermal vents

Members of the Gram-negative genera Aquifex and Hydrogenobacter are hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria. An example of their metabolism involves using ______.

hydrogen as a source of energy and oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor, forming water

Which of the following groups of bacteria is best described as a diverse group of photosynthetic Gram-negative bacteria that inhabit a wide range of environments?

cyanobacteria