chapter 11
I say: "Gram-negative bacteria, that are typically kidney-bean-shaped cocci in pairs. You say:
"Neisseria"
Nitrogen fixation, or the process of converting nitrogen gas (N2) into ammonia, is an exclusive ability of ______.
prokaryotes
The purpose of the sheath in sheathed bacteria is for ______.
protection
The purple bacteria are Gram-negative organisms that can appear ______ due to their light-harvesting pigments.
red purple orange
By definition, obligate intracellular parasites cannot ______.
replicate outside of a host cell
Obligate aerobes obtain energy using----exclusively; none of them can ferment.
respiration
All of the following are characteristics shared by both Helicobacter and Campylobacter EXCEPT ______.
they cause diarrheal disease in humans
Bacteria that oxidize sulfur are Gram-negative rods or spirals that ______.
use sulfur compounds as an energy source and oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor
How do obligate aerobes obtain energy?
using respiration only
Oxygenic phototrophs use ______ as a source of electrons for reducing power, generating O2.
water
Characterized members of the domain ______ typically thrive in extreme environments, such as high heat, acidity, alkalinity, and salinity.
Archaea
Which of the following genera of endospore formers include both obligate aerobes and facultative anaerobes?
Bacillus
______ species are Gram-negative, strictly anaerobic, make up about a third of the bacteria in fecal matter in humans, and are associated with abscesses and bloodstream infections.
Bacteroides
species are Gram-negative curved rods that are highly motile and prey on other Gram-negative rods by boring a hole in their cell wall.
Bdellovibrio
An organism found in an environment that is very hot and acidic is most likely a member of the domain
Blank 1: Archaea
Chemoorganotrophs oxidize----compounds such as glucose to obtain energy.
Blank 1: organic
Aerobic chemolithotrophs obtain energy by oxidizing reduced inorganic chemicals, using----as a terminal electron acceptor.
Blank 1: oxygen, oxygen gas, or O2
Aerobic chemolithotrophs obtain energy by oxidizing reduced inorganic chemicals, using---as a terminal electron acceptor.
Blank 1: oxygen, oxygen gas, or O2
Staphylococcus epidermidis is part of the normal microbiota of the
Blank 1: skin
Humans infected with Helicobacter pylori may develop peptic
Blank 1: ulcer or ulcers
Members of the family Enterobacteriaceae are _______.
Gram-negative rods
Which of the following genera of organisms forms a beneficial symbiotic relationship with plants?
Rhizobium
Which of the following genera of organisms forms a beneficial symbiotic relationship with plants?.
Rhizobium
How do aerobic chemoorganotrophs obtain their energy?
by oxidizing organic compounds by using O2 as a terminal electron acceptor
Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria ______.
can sometimes grow in filaments can use hydrogen sulfide or thiosulfate as an energy source
In addition to being photosynthetic, many cyanobacteria have the ability to convert nitrogen gas (N2) into ______, a process known as nitrogen fixation
ammonia
The cells of species in the genus Neisseria are ______.
cocci typically found in pairs Gram-negative
Which of the following were likely the earliest photosynthesizing organisms?
anoxygenic phototrophs
Of the various types of dormant cells, the ______ is the most resistant to environmental extremes.
endospore
Aerobic chemolithotrophs
gain energy via the oxidation of reduced inorganic chemicals, using O2 as a terminal electron acceptor.
An organism that requires a minimum of 9% NaCl would be called an extreme ______.
halophile
An organism that cannot reproduce outside of a host cell is termed an
obligate intracellular
Aerobic chemoorganotrophs gain energy via the _______, using O2 as a terminal electron acceptor.
oxidation of organic compounds
Campylobacter jejuni infections are commonly associated with ______.
diarrhea
Prosthecate bacteria form projections called prosthecae, which are extensions of the cytoplasm and cell wall. These prosthecae ______.
facilitate absorption of nutrients
Prokaryotes that grows well in an environment that contains 32% NaCl would be called extreme
halophiles
Cyanobacteria are a group of _______ bacteria.
photosynthetic Gram-negative
Ecophysiology is the study of the ______.
physiological mechanisms bacteria and archaea use to live in terrestrial and aquatic environments
The two most common genera of Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria that form endospores are ______.
Bacillus Clostridium
Azotobacter species produce a resting cell called a(n)----, that allows the organism to withstand drying and ultraviolet radiation.
Blank 1: cyst
Unlike in other anoxygenic phototrophs, in purple bacteria, the components of the photosynthetic apparatus are all located in the cell's-----membrane.
Blank 1: cytoplasmic or plasma
The study of the various adaptations prokaryotes use to survive terrestrial and aquatic environments is called
Blank 1: ecophysiology
The green bacteria are Gram-----organisms that are typically green or brownish in color.
Blank 1: negative
Spirochetes are bacteria that are ______ and possess a unique mechanism of _______.
Gram-negative; motility
Endospore-forming bacteria are typically ______.
Gram-positive rods
Most of the anaerobic chemolithotrophs that have been discovered are members of what domain?
archaea
Nitrifiers can be described as bacteria that ______.
are Gram-negative obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic nitrogen compounds such as ammonium or nitrite
Bdellovibrio species ______.
prey on Gram negative bacteria like E. coli bore a hole in the cell wall of their prey are highly motile Gram-negative curved rods
As a group, anaerobic chemoorganotrophs ______.
produce ATP via substrate level phosphorylation can obtain energy via fermentation
Aside from green and purple bacteria, Gram-positive endospore forming rods of the genus ______ are also anoxygenic phototrophs.
Heliobacterium
bacteria have projections called prosthecae, which are extensions of the cytoplasm and cell wall that increase the surface area to facilitate absorption of nutrients.
Blank 1: prosthecate
Like the green and purple bacteria, members of the genus Heliobacterium are also examples of anoxygenic phototrophs. They are ______ bacteria related to members of the genus Clostridium.
Gram-positive rod-shaped endospore-forming
The earliest oxygenic phototrophs probably belonged to a group of bacteria called the
cyanobacteria
The resting cell produced by Azotobacter species that allows the organism to survive drying and ultraviolet radiation is called a(n) ______.
cyst
Scientists are interested in studying the growth of extreme----archaea that grow near volcanic vents and fissures because these conditions are thought to mimic early earth's environment.
thermophiles
Which of the following correctly describe relationships between genera of bacteria and their means for obtaining nutrients from plants?
Rhizobium species form a mutually beneficial relationship with certain types of plants. Agrobacterium species are plant pathogens that cause tumor-like growths.
Which of the following bacteria is typically a harmless resident of the skin?
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Organisms that form storage granules include ______.
Thiomargarita Spirillum Thioploca
Enterobacteriaceae get their name because they reside in the ______ tract of humans and animals.
intestinal
The normal habitat of Bacteroides species in humans includes the ______.
intestines genital tract mouth
Species of Campylobacter and Helicobacter are ______.
microaerophilic curved, Gram-negative rods
A diverse group of Gram-negative bacteria that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic nitrogen compounds such as ammonium or nitrate are known as
nitrifiers
Many cyanobacteria can convert nitrogen gas (N2) to ammonia, which is a process called ______.
nitrogen fixation
A group of Gram-negative bacteria has a spiral shape and a unique motility mechanism that allows them to move through thick, viscous substances. This group is called the
spirochetes
The motile cells found in sheathed bacteria are called ______ cells, and these exit through the end of the sheath
swarmer
Which of the following can be used to distinguish between members of the genus Bacillus and Clostridium?
their oxygen requirements
Hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria such as Aquifex and Hydrogenobacter are _____
thermophilic Gram-negative obligate chemolithotrophs
A reason why environments that are routinely exposed to O2 can support anaerobic growth is that ______.
O2-consuming organisms depletes the oxygen levels
The purpose of storage granules produced by some bacteria is to store ______.
nutrients
Extreme thermophiles are found near ______.
hot springs volcanic vents hydrothermal vents
Members of the Gram-negative genera Aquifex and Hydrogenobacter are hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria. An example of their metabolism involves using ______.
hydrogen as a source of energy and oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor, forming water
Which of the following groups of bacteria is best described as a diverse group of photosynthetic Gram-negative bacteria that inhabit a wide range of environments?
cyanobacteria