Chapter 11 LearnSmart
Haemophilus species are __________.
"blood loving", as their name reflects, Gram-negative coccobacilli, often common inhabitants of the respiratory tract
Anaerobic chemoorganotrophs ________.
Can obtain energy via fermentation and produce ATP via substrate level phosphorylation.
An organism that harvests energy by oxidizing inorganic chemicals, but not organic chemicals, is a ___________.
Chemolithotroph
Species in the genus Neisseria are ____________.
Gram-negative cocci typically found in pairs.
As a group, Pseudomonas species __________.
Have extremely diverse biochemical capabilities
Aerobic chemoorganotrophs oxidize organic compounds to obtain energy, using _______ as a terminal electron acceptor.
O2
What are the characteristics of the lactic acid bacteria?
Produce lactic acid from fermentation, can only ferment, most can grow in aerobic environments.
Most of the anaerobic chemolithotrophs that have been discovered are members of the domain ______.
archaea
Presence of the enzyme __________ is a key characteristic of Staphylococcus species that is used to distinguish them from Gram-positive cocci that do not respire aerobically, such as Streptococcus species.
catalase
Members of the genus Vibrio _________.
include pathogens such as V. cholerae and V. vulnificus
Enterbacteriaceae get the name because they reside in the ________ tract of humans and animals.
intestinal
Enteric bacteria that ferment _________ are called coliforms
lactose
By definition, obligate intracellular parasites cannot ____________.
replicate outside of a host cell
Obligate aerobes obtain energy using _____________ exclusively.
respiration
Chlamydia and Chlamydophila species can exist in the host as non-infectious ______________ bodies which can replicate and later differentiate into smaller, dense-appearing infectious __________ bodies.
reticulate; elementary
Staphlyococcus epidermidis is part of the normal microbiota of the ____________.
skin
Treponema pallidum causes the sexually transmitted disease in humans called ____________.
syphilis
Richettsia rickettsii causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever, which is transmitted through the bite of a _________.
tick
Chemoorganotrophs oxidize ________ compounds such as glucose to obtain energy.
organic
Chemoorganotrophs oxidize _________ compounds such as glucose to obtain energy.
organic
__________ species are Gram-negative, strictly anaerobic, make up about a third of the bacteria in fecal matter in humans, and are associated with abscesses and bloodstream infections.
Bacteroides
Chlamdyia trachomatis, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, and Chlamydophila psittaci cause which diseases?
Chlamydia trachomatis: a common sexually transmitted disease Chlamydophila pneumoniae: atypical pneomonia Chlamydophila psittaci: psittacosis
Match the following genera of organisms with their description: Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus
Lactococcus: includes species used to make cheese Lactobacillus: common members of the microbiota in the mouth and the vagina during childbearing years Enterococcus: members typically inhabit the intestinal tract
Species of Campylocacter and Helicobacter are __________.
Microaerophilic and curved, Gram-negative rods
The normal habitat of Bacteriodes species in humans includes the ________.
Mouth, genital tract, intestines
Describe Bordetella species.
They are aerobic Gram-negative coccobacilli and the most significant medical species causes whooping cough.
Micrococcus species are __________.
Tolerant of dry conditions, obligate aerobes, salt, tolerant, typically pigmented
Methanogens, a group of archaea that generate methane, can be found in environments that ___________.
contain H2, lack O2, contain CO2
The _________ produced by the genus Clostridium have the ability to survive harsh environmental conditions that can commonly kill the vegetative bacterial cells.
endospores
Facultative anaerobes can use aerobic respiration if O2 is present, and ___________ if O2 is not available.
fermentation
Propionibacteria produce ______________ acid as their major fermentation end product.
propionic
Humans infected with Helicobacter pylori may develop peptic __________.
ulcers
____________ species are Gram-negative, strictly anaerobic, make up about a third of the bacteria in fecal matter in humans, and are associated with abscesses and bloodstream infections.
Bacteroides
Bordetella species are ___________.
small aerobic Gram-negative coccobacilli and nutritionally fastidious
Coxiella burnetti __________.
Causes Q fever and can form spore-like small cell variants (SCVs) that survive well in the environment
An anoxic atmosphere lacks ___________.
O2
A key characteristic of the genus Mycoplasma is that they lack a ____________, instead usually relying on sterols in their membrane to provide strength and rigidity.
cell wall
Mycobacterium species stain poorly because their cell walls contain __________.
mycolic acids
Describe some growth conditions or characteristics that enable Pseudomonas aeruginosa to be a problem in hospital envrionments.
Ability to grow in nutrient-poor environments, resistant to antibiotics, resistant to disinfectants
Bifidobacterium species are ____________.
Anaerobic Gram-positive rods that are commonly found as intestinal microbiota, particularly in breastfed infants
Sulfur-reducing bacteria have a positive impact on the environment because they ____________.
Are an essential component of the sulfur cycle
An important trait of species of the thermophilic Thermus is their _________.
heat-stable enzymes
Mycoplasma pneimoniae is medically significant because it causes ___________.
"walking pneimoniae" which cannot be treated with antimicrobials that target peptidoglycan synthesis
What environments would most likely support the growth of methanogens?
swamp, human digestive tract, sewage, marine sediment
A reason why environments that are routinely exposed to O2 can support anaerobic growth is that _____________.
O2 consuming organisms depletes the oxygen levels
Micrococcus species are __________.
Obligate aerobes Tolerant of dry conditions Salt tolerant Typically pigmented
In a healthy individual, anaerobes can regularly be found on and in the ___________.
Oral cavity, skin, and intestinal tract
What does Wolbachia pipientis directly infect?
Parasitic worms and arthropods
Ecophysiology is the study of the ___________.
Physiological mechanisms bacteria and archaea use to live in terrestrial and aquatic environments
Members of the genus Corynebacterium are Gram-positive rods that exhibit a variety of shapes. This difference in shape is referred to as being __________.
Pleomorphic
By definition, obligate intracellular parasites cannot ________.
Replicate outside of a host cell
Wolbachia pipientis can be found inside parasitic worms that cause ___________.
River blindness and elephantiasis
Members of the genus ________ thrive in the dry and salty environment of the skin
Staphylococcus
This member of the lactic acid group is a Gram-positive coccus that grows in the oral cavity and can cause pharyngitis (strep throat).
Streptococcus pyogenes
Describe the characteristics of members of the genus Vibrio.
Typically found in marine environments and Gram-negative straight or curved rods
Species of Pseudomonas ___________.
Use oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor and possess polar flagella.
Give a statement about microbial diversity.
We are only now beginning to understand the diversity of prokaryotes.