Chapter 11 Nutrition and Chronic disease A

d. underweight.

All of the following are associated with an increase in cancer risk EXCEPT: a. lack of physical activity. b. alcohol and tobacco use. c. diets high in red and processed meats. d. underweight.

c. HIV/AIDS.

All of the following are chronic diseases prominent in the United States EXCEPT: a. cancer b. cardiovascular disease c. HIV/AIDS. d. type 2 diabetes

a. high HDL

All of these are risk factors for cardiovascular disease EXCEPT ________. a. high HDL b. hypertension c. high LDL d. diabetes e. obesity

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An "atherogenic diet" is high in saturated fat and trans fat. Answer T F

F; Atherosclerosis is an accumulation of lipids within the artery wall, but it also involves a complex response of the artery to tissue damage and inflammation.

Atherosclerosis is simply the accumulation of lipids within the artery wall. Answer T F

b. False

Bacteria and viruses contribute to the development of chronic diseases; risk factors, such as diet, physical activity, and smoking habits, contribute to infectious diseases. a. True b. False

F; Chronic diseases have risk factors that show correlations with disease development but are not distinct causes.

Chronic diseases have distinct causes, known as risk factors. Answer T F

F; Rationale Currently, for the best chance of consuming adequate nutrients and staying healthy, people should eat a well-planned diet of whole foods, as described in Chapter 2.

Currently, for the best chance of consuming adequate nutrients and staying healthy, people should obtain evaluations of their genetic profiles. Answer T F

T

Diabetes is a major risk factor for CVD. Answer T F

T

For the great majority of cancers, lifestyle factors and environmental exposures are the major risk factors. Answer T F

colon

Fried food, cooking meats at high temperatures, and red/processed meat have been linked to increased risk of [breast , stomach, colon, prostate] cancer.

autoimmune disorder

In type 1 diabetes, a person's own immune cells mistakenly attack and destroy the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas, which is called a(n) [insulin resistance disorder, diabetic coma, environmentally triggered disorder, autoimmune disorder] .

F; Men do have more heart attacks than women, but CVD kills more women than any other cause of death.

Men suffer more often from heart attacks than women do, making CVD a man's disease. Answer T F

reducing the heart's workload.

Smoking powerfully raises the risk for CVD in men and women in all of the following ways except Answer reducing the heart's workload. making blood clots more likely. directly damaging the heart with toxins. raising the blood pressure.

a and b

The DASH diet is characterized by ample intakes of. Answer fruit and vegetables whole grains artificial fats a and b

F; The DASH diet is designed for helping people with hypertension to control the disease.

The DASH diet is designed for athletes who compete in sprinting events. Answer T F

A1C test

The blood test that indicates how well blood glucose has been controlled over the past few months is called a(n) test.

T

The most important step that a person can take to protect against hypertension is to be tested for it. Answer T F

b. False

The primary cause of type 2 diabetes is an inadequate production of the hormone insulin, which lowers blood glucose levels in the body. a. True b. False

controlled in carbohydrates.

The recommended diet to improve type 2 diabetes is Answer low in carbohydrates. as low in fat as possible. controlled in carbohydrates. a and b.

d. high blood glucose and insulin levels

What is an outcome of uncontrolled type 2 diabetes? a. low blood glucose levels b. low blood glucose and insulin levels c. low insulin levels d. high blood glucose and insulin levels

b. cancer

What is the second leading cause of death to Americans? a. Alzheimer's disease b. cancer c. diabetes d. cardiovascular disease

a. Type 1 diabetes

Which form of diabetes begins in childhood or adolescence, accounts for 5-10% of all cases of diabetes, and the pancreas does not produce insulin? a. Type 1 diabetes b. Insulin resistance diabetes c. Type 2 diabetes d. Gestational diabetes

diabetes

Which of the following is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease? Answer high blood HDL cholesterol low blood pressure low blood LDL cholesterol diabetes

all of the above.

Which of the following is or are associated with an increase in cancer risk? Answer alcohol intake a high intake of red meat a high intake of processed meats all of the above.

potassium

Which of the following minerals may help regulate blood pressure? Answer phosphorus iron potassium zinc

a. There is no supplement known to protect against cancer.

Which supplement is recommended to prevent cancer? a. There is no supplement known to protect against cancer. b. beta-carotene c. vitamin E d. vitamin C

Cardiovascular disease

[Cancer, Stroke, Cardiovascular disease, Obesity] is the leading cause of death in the United States, and hypertension is a major risk factor for the disease.

c. family heredity.

ll the following are risk factors for cardiovascular disease that can be modified EXCEPT: a. low HDL levels. b. hypertension. c. family heredity. d. physical inactivity.

thrombus

A [bolus, aneurysm, hemorrhage, thrombus] is a stationary clot in a blood vessel.

risk factors

************___________________factors are known to be correlated with diseases but not proven to be causal.

peripheral artery

**********A disease of the arteries that carry blood to the organs of the body, other than the heart, is called__________ disease.

curiferous

**********Arugula, bok choy, broccoli, broccoli sprouts, Brussels sprouts, cabbages (all sorts), cauliflower, greens (collard, mustard, turnip), kale, kohlrabi, rutabaga, and turnip root belong to the cabbage family and are called _________vegetables.

carcinogen

*******Cancer begins when a cell's genetic material sustains damage from_____________ a such as radiation, a free radical, or another cancer-causing chemical.

a. Sugar is not a known cause of diabetes.

*******Choose the statement about diabetes that is correct. a. Sugar is not a known cause of diabetes. b. People who are overweight or obese will eventually develop diabetes. c. People with diabetes need to eat a lot of special diabetic cookies, crackers, and other products. d. Eating too much sugar causes diabetes.

F ; For managing type 2 diabetes, regular physical activity can help by reducing excess body fat and increasing tissue sensitivity to insulin.

******For managing type 2 diabetes, regular physical activity can help by redistributing the body's fluids. Answer T F