chapter 11 section 1+2
Did factory conditions get easier or harsher as the Industrial Revolution grew? Why? How young were some children who worked? How many hours did the average person work per day?
harsher; they were cheap labor; children as young as 7; 12 to 14 hours
Who were the 'nativists'? Why did immigrants face so much discrimination at this time? What is discrimination?
people who wanted to preserve the country for white (American born Protestants); discriminated because people worried about the growing foreign population; denial of equal rights or treatment to certain groups of people.
What is urbanization? Name three problems that urbanization provided.
rapid population movement from rural areas to cities -filthy streets -lack of clean water -abscence of sewage systems-> disease
Briefly explain how each transportation invention helped 'speed up' the Industrial Revolution:
-Steamboats: could go up rivers; traveled well on rivers -Clipper ships: carried lots of cargo fast -Railroads: could be built almost anywhere and were fast
Define the following words: -capitalists -mass production -interchangable parts
-people who provide money to invest -rapid manufacturing of identical objects -identical pieces that can be replaced quickly
Why did it take until the War of 1812 to join the 'Industrial Revolution'? What part of the United States did it start to boom? Why there?
Americans could no longer rely on imported goods; Northeast (build factories and get raw materials)
What country's immigrants brought more than a million people to the United States after a famine in the 1840's? What is a famine? What other country brought over a million people?
Ireland; lack of food; Germany
What English inventor 'smuggled' these inventions to the United States? When and where did he build America's first factory?
Samuel Slated; 1789 and Pawtucket, Rhode Island
By the 1970's, what types of engines were being built away from riverbanks? Why was this important? What did Britain do to keep these inventions a secret?
Steam powered; to keep it a secret; no one could leave the country
What farm machine started a revolution in agriculture? Which parts of the country would this help the most?
Steel Plow; Mechanical reaper
What invention, developed in the 1830's, allowed quick messages over large distances using electric current? Who invented it?
Telegraph; Samuel F.B. Morse
What is the 'Industrial Revolution'? What 1764 British invention sparked the revolution?
The time where machines replaced hands and people began working in factories and buying manufactured goods; spinning ginny (jenny)
Who were the 'Lowell Girls'? Why were young girls first hired to work in the early American factories?
Daughters of Francis Cabot Lowell; they could receive an edugaction during off duty hours
What is the 'factory system'? How had most products been manufactured before the Industrial Revolution? Why are capitalists needed to run a factory?
Brings workers and machinery together in one place; textile workers had to begin and end work at specific hours at factories; money
