Chapter 11

-Lowering triglyceride levels is impossible since high triglyceride levels are genetic can occur in only one way, which is to stop smoking can occur by making one or several lifestyle changes is only possible through taking medication

can occur by making one or several lifestyle changes

QUIZ QUESTIONS!!!!

KNOW THESE!

-Studies have shown that people can sometimes prevent first or second heart attacks by taking aspirin stimulants quinine nutritional supplements

aspirin

-Which of the following is the form of CVD in which the inner layers of artery walls are made thick and irregular by plaque deposits? hypertension atherosclerosis myocardial infarction cerebrovascular accident

atherosclerosis

-Which of the following conditions can damage the heart's ability to pump blood effectively? atherosclerosis ischemic strokes high blood pressure digestive conditions psychological disorders viral infections

atherosclerosis high blood pressure viral infections

-Which of the following describes triglycerides? blood fats that are absorbed from food proteins that the body uses in building bone hormones that the body releases in reaction to stress carbohydrates that the body uses as a quick energy reserve

blood fats that are absorbed from food

-Coronary heart disease refers to decrease of glucose in the blood within the coronary arteries lowering of breathing rate during sleep buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries overproduction of endothelial cells in the coronary arteries

buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries

-Major symptoms of angina pectoris include paralysis on one side gum disease chest pain slurred speech arm or shoulder pain tightness in the chest facial droop

chest pain arm or shoulder pain tightness in the chest

-Having too much cholesterol in the arteries is a problem because it can clear arteries cause seizures turn into fat clog arteries

clog arteries

-Which of the following are treatment options for someone with coronary artery blockage? coronary massage cardiac defibrillation coronary bypass coronary stents balloon angioplasty

coronary bypass coronary stents balloon angioplasty

-What type of arrhythmia is caused by ineffective pumping of the blood? hemorrhagic stroke coronary heart disease ventricular fibrillation hypertension

coronary heart disease

Atherosclerosis in an artery supplying blood to the heart is called

coronary heart disease.

-Plaques can contribute to CVD. What are plaques? amino acids that are part of genetic material liquids that carry oxygen sugars used to fuel metabolism deposits on the artery walls

deposits on the artery walls

-Why is high blood pressure known as the "silent killer"? because it is not easily detected because it usually has no symptoms because it causes the heart to go "silent" because it only happens in elderly people

because it usually has no symptoms

-Which of the following is an effect of smoking on the cardiovascular system? more oxygen in the blood increased heart rate higher levels of HDL less clotting of platelets

increased heart rate

-As people age, their likelihood of developing hypertension increases substantially with each year decreases substantially with each year remains the same as a young of middle-aged adult decreases substantially if the person is female

increases substantially with each year

-Drinking alcohol excessively increases the risk of developing CVD by improving a person's metabolic rate increasing the risk of developing cirrhosis of the liver increasing a person's blood pressure strengthening the digestive system decreasing a person's inhibitions

increasing a person's blood pressure

-Low-density lipoprotein is nicknamed "bad" cholesterol because it is deposited in the blood vessels if too much of it is present increases the risk of arterial blockage is converted to fat around the abdomen increases the likelihood of a heart attack because it causes cancer of the blood

is deposited in the blood vessels if too much of it is present increases the risk of arterial blockage increases the likelihood of a heart attack

-In terms of being a health risk, CVD kills Americans at a higher rate now than it did 60 years ago kills fewer than 5,000 Americans every year is the number one cause of death for Americans currently kills far fewer people than HIV/AIDS

is the number one cause of death for Americans

-Which of the following tests measures the blood levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides? lipoprotein testing cardiac output A1C screening pulmonary function

lipoprotein testing

What is the primary symptom of hypertension?

nothing--it usually has no symptoms

-Which major risk factors of cardiovascular disease can be changed? family history genetic composition obesity physical inactivity tobacco use

obesity physical inactivity tobacco use

-There is an increased risk of cardiovascular disease for people exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. This means that the body does an excellent job of filtering environmental tobacco smoke people exposed to secondhand smoke have an increased risk of developing CVD only smokers have to worry about CVD, not nonsmokers smoking does not affect the heart or lungs as badly as people once thought it did -Drinking alcohol excessively increases the risk of developing CVD by

people exposed to secondhand smoke have an increased risk of developing CVD

For which of the following groups is the use of statins recommended?

people over 21 with high LDL levels

-What risk factors for developing CVD do many diabetics have? platelet abnormalities obesity epileptic episodes anxiety hypertension

platelet abnormalities obesity hypertension

-The flow of blood to the brain is important because it filters carbon dioxide from spinal cord carries plaque through the body provides oxygen to that area produces blood cells that fight disease

provides oxygen to that area

-Many of the treatments for heart attacks illustrate the importance of quick action during attacks waiting to act until the symptoms end treating people at home instead of going to doctors knowing the symptoms of heart attacks

quick action during attacks knowing the symptoms of heart attacks

-Reducing sodium intake can help improve heart health by destroying plaque in the arteries encouraging the growth of blood cells reducing blood pressure making the heart pump more strongly

reducing blood pressure

-What is the purpose of low-density lipoproteins (LDL)? to reduce the amount of HDL in the blood to transport cholesterol from the liver to the organs to increase the insulin levels in the blood to restore muscle function

to transport cholesterol from the liver to the organs

-One study found that some women cut the risk of heart attack and stroke by more than one half when they followed a strict vegan diet took higher doses of heart medicine took fast paced walks three hours per week began taking several nutritional supplements

took fast paced walks three hours per week

-What are the symptoms of congestive heart failure? trouble breathing when lying down swelling in the legs and ankles unexplained weight loss seizures

trouble breathing when lying down swelling in the legs and ankles

-What happens when plaque accumulates on the artery walls? Cholesterol levels increase. Blood flow is restricted. The arteries lose their elasticity. Blood pressure is lowered.

Blood flow is restricted. The arteries lose their elasticity.

-Atherosclerosis occurs when the endothelial cells, which are located in the ______, become damaged. venules gums liver arteries

arteries

-What is considered a healthy blood pressure for a normal adult? 200 over 95 85 over 55 120 over 120 120 over 80

120 over 80

-Nonsmokers exposed to secondhand smoke have increased risks of dying from heart disease. What is the increase of the risk of death for these nonsmoker? 30% 15% 100% 10%

30%

The incidence of stroke more than doubles in each successive decade after people reach what age?

55

-70% of all heart attack victims are 65 years or older 60 years or older 55 to 65 years old 45 to 55 years old

65 years or older

When a coronary artery is completely blocked, the result is

A heart attack

-In the United States, which ethnic group has the highest rates of hypertension, heart disease, and stroke? Hispanic Caucasian All ethnicities have the same level of risk African American

African American

What is an arrhythmia?

An irregular heartbeat

-In the United States, which ethnic group has the lowest rate of CVD? Asian Americans Native Americans Caucasians Hispanics

Asian Americans

Excess LDL cholesterol is hazardous to health because it can be deposited

In the blood vessels

How does exercise aid in the prevention of diabetes?

It helps to keep body fat at healthy levels. It makes cells more sensitive to insulin. It stabilizes blood glucose level

-Lipoproteins are so small that they are measured in nanometers centimeters microliters grams

nanometers

-_______ is often the result of heart arrhythmia. Ischemic stroke Ventricular fibrillation Traumatic brain injury Sudden cardiac death

Sudden cardiac death

-A heart attack caused by ______ is called coronary thrombosis. smoking too much oxygen a blood clot liver disease

a blood clot

-A test that measures a person's heart rate while undergoing physical activity is known as a stress test an ultrasound an electrocardiogram a MRI

a stress test

Sudden cardiac death most often occurs due to

an arrhythmia.

-Which of the following are psychological and social factors that can increase a person's risk of developing CVD? large network of friends anger longterm hostility longterm stress forgiving attitude

anger longterm hostility longterm stress

-What are some strategies to reduce the psychological and social risk factors that may contribute to developing CVD? develop stress management techniques reduce the amount of exercise in your life acquire friends and family that support you employ anger management strategies do not talk to others about your medical issues

develop stress management techniques\acquire friends and family that support you employ anger management strategies

-People with _______ are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. hypothyroidism scoliosis diabetes anemia

diabetes

-Weight loss can help lower high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels, as well as lower the risk of developing diabetes hepatitis digestive problems epilepsy

diabetes

-Chad has been told that his blood level of LDL cholesterol is too high. What dietary changes can he make to reduce his LDL cholesterol levels? eat only carbohydrates eat more vegetables eat more trans fats choose unsaturated fats

eat more vegetables choose unsaturated fats

-Which of the following tools are used to diagnose heart disease? ventricular fibrillation A1C blood test electrocardiogram angiogram

electrocardiogram angiogram

-High blood pressure affects the heart by creating new blood cells strengthening the muscles in and around the heart allowing it to rest by widening the surrounding arteries enlarging and weakening it

enlarging and weakening it

Which of the following plays a major role in reduced cell sensitivity to insulin, a precursor to type 2 diabetes?

excess body fat

What is the closest thing to a magic bullet against heart disease?

exercise

-What lifestyle choice can reduce the risk of developing CVD by changing body composition, strengthening the heart muscle, boosting HDL levels, and helping to prevent metabolic syndrome? exercising quitting smoking drinking more water employing the DASH diet

exercising

A dietary change that would help prevent cardiovascular disease is to increase the intake of foods high in

fiber.

-Your body gets cholesterol from two sources: cholesterol that is manufactured from your internal organs and cholesterol that is from drinking water the air food medications

food

-Jane wants to increase the amount of dietary fiber in her diet. What types of foods should she choose? fruits and vegetables whole grains lean meats lowfat dairy products legumes egg whites

fruits and vegetables whole grains legumes

-Which of the following are useful actions you can take if someone exhibits the symptoms of cardiac arrest? encourage the person to walk get the person to chew and swallow a 325 mg aspirin give the person something to eat call 911 or get emergency help

get the person to chew and swallow a 325 mg aspirin call 911 or get emergency help

-High blood pressure does what to arteries? enlarges them makes them more elastic hardens them reduces plaque deposits

hardens them

-Cardiovascular disease mainly affects the stomach feet heart skin

heart

-Hypertension may occur if the membrane surrounding the spinal cord ruptures liver cannot filter impurities from the blood any longer heart increases the output of blood arteries provide increased resistance to blood flow

heart increases the output of blood arteries provide increased resistance to blood flow

-Which type of stroke is caused by blood vessels rupturing either within or on the surface of the brain? ischemia congestive pulmonary hemorrhagic

hemorrhagic

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factors that includes all of the following except

high HDL.

-What are the main risk factors for developing atherosclerosis? high levels of cholesterol joint flexibility physical inactivity low blood pressure smoking

high levels of cholesterol physical inactivity smoking

-What is the name for sustained high blood pressure? hypertension metabolic syndrome hyperlipidemia atherosclerosis

hypertension

-How can a person reduce his or her blood pressure? reduce amount of exercise lose weight if necessary eat well increase alcohol consumption

lose weight if necessary eat well

Smoking affects the cardiovascular system in all of the following ways except

lowering the heart rate.

-John is concerned that his level of triglycerides is rising. Which of the following actions should he take? maintain a healthy body weight exercise less frequently increase physical activity drink alcohol only in moderation eat a diet high in carbohydrates

maintain a healthy body weight increase physical activity drink alcohol only in moderation

-How can Americans modify their lifestyle to reduce their risk of developing CVD? use alcohol as needed to relax manage stress and anger eat a heart-healthy diet avoid tobacco perform monthly cancer screenings exercise infrequently be mindful of fat intake

manage stress and anger eat a heart-healthy diet avoid tobacco be mindful of fat intake

-What are the treatment options for someone with congestive heart failure? medications to eliminate excess fluid blood transfusion modifying salt intake using an automated external defibrillator

medications to eliminate excess fluid modifying salt intake

-Until the age of 55, which gender has the greatest risk of developing CVD? women men

men

-What is the technical name for a heart attack? ischemic stroke myocardial infarction hypertension atherosclerosis

myocardial infarction

-High-density lipoprotein is called "good" cholesterol because it removes cholesterol from blood vessels improves the function of the gall bladder protects against atherosclerosis removes kidney stones

removes cholesterol from blood vessels protects against atherosclerosis

-The function of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) is to return unused cholesterol to the liver increase the amount of insulin in the blood improve muscle function decrease the amount of body fat

return unused cholesterol to the liver

-Which of the following are functions of cholesterol in the body? serve as part of the protective sheath around nerves help muscles relax and contract help form cell membranes help form sex hormones

serve as part of the protective sheath around nerves help form cell membranes help form sex hormones

-Which of the following symptoms of a heart attack do women sometimes experience? depressed moods ovarian cysts shortness of breath unusual fatigue

shortness of breath unusual fatigue

-What are risk factors for developing CVD? eating fiber drinking too little water smoking eating saturated fats exercising a lot being overweight

smoking eating saturated fats being overweight

-What are some of the possible consequences of a stroke? ulcers congestive heart failure speech impairment diabetes memory loss paralysis

speech impairment memory loss paralysis

-Jeannette's family has a history of CVD. What types of lifestyle changes can she make to reduce her risk of developing heart problems? stopping smoking eating more trans fats exercising nothing, since she will develop the disease eating a healthy diet

stopping smoking exercising eating a healthy diet

-Someone who suddenly has trouble speaking, seeing, or walking and has a severe headache with no known cause may be having a stroke panic attack peptic ulcer heart attack

stroke

-Blood pressure is expressed as two numbers and measured in millimeters of mercury. What is the first number? hypertensive blood pressure systemic blood pressure diastolic blood pressure systolic blood pressure

systolic blood pressure

-Angina pectoris is a condition similar to a heart attack because in both conditions the heart does not receive enough oxygen the heart receives too much oxygen the liver is overloaded there are no symptoms

the heart does not receive enough oxygen

-Which of the following are other risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease? very low vitamin D levels high homocysteine levels high levels of dietary fiber certain infectious agents abnormal liver function

very low vitamin D levels high homocysteine levels certain infectious agents

-Andy is a 21 year old with no risk factors of CVD. Should he get his blood pressure checked? no, he is too young to have high blood pressure yes, about every 6 months yes, every 5 years yes, at least once every 2 years

yes, at least once every 2 years