Chapter 11 Test

-In the single replacement reaction if the element is a metal what does it correspond to? -what would a nonmetal correspond to?

-another metal in the compound(metals go with metals) -another nonmetal in the compound given(nonmetals go with nonmetal)

symbols + → ⇌ (s) (l) (g) (aq) (∆ or heat → → ) ( Pt → )

-used to separate two reactants or products -"yields" separates reactants and products -used in place of → for reversible reactions -shows the reactant/product in *solid* form; placed after formula -shows the reactant/product in *liquid* form; placed after formula -shows the reactant/product in *gaseous* form; placed after formula -shows that substance is dissolved in liquid; placed after formula -indicates that heat is applied to reaction -indicates that catalyst is used

What are the five general types of reactions?

1) combination 2) decomposition 3) single-replacement 4) double replacement 5) combustion

How do you write a balanced chemical equation?

1) write the skeleton equations. 2) use coefficients to balance the equation so that it obeys the law of conservation of mass

How do you write a word equation?

1)Write the name of the reactants to the left of the arrow separated by plus signs 2) Write the names of the products to the right of the arrow, also separated by plus signs Reactant + Reactant-> Product + Product

How do you do a net ionic equation?

1)start with a double replacement reaction 2)find the compound that is not soluble 3)Divide the compounds up based on non-soluability and soluability (sort of like a decomposition reaction) make sure you balance

What is a spectator ion?

A spectator ion is an ion that doesn't participate in the chemical reaction.

What is the function of an arrow (→) in a chemical equation? A plus sign (+)?

A. To separate the reactants from the products, and the chemical reaction is progressing in the forward direction B. To separate individual reactants and products from one another

What is a characteristic of every combination reaction?

Combination reactions will ultimately result in a single product. Example A + B-> AB

specify the type of reaction: (x, y, and z are subscripts) C(x)H(y) + O(z) → CO₂ + H₂O

Combustion reaction

specify the type of reaction: RS → R + S

Decomposition

What is a distinguishing feature of every decomposition reaction?

Decomposition reactions will begin with a single reactant and end with two products. Example: AB -> A + B

Balanced equation

Each side of the equation has the same number of atoms of each element and mass is conserved

How can H2O also be written?

HOH to represent water

What substance is common to all combustion reactions?

Oxygen is the only substance that's common in combustion reactions. Products are always CO2

specify the type of reaction: T + RS → TS + R

Single replacement reaction; use the activity series of metals for this one. The two metals switch during the reaction.

Fill in the missing reactant and then balance each equation. a. K(s) + _____ → KOH(aq) + H2(g)Hint b. C2H5OH(l ) + _____ → CO2(g) + H2O(g)Hint c. Bi(NO3)3(aq) + _____ → Bi2S3(s) + HNO3(aq)Hint d. Al(s) + _____ → AlBr3(s)Hint e. HNO3(aq) + _____ → Ba(NO3)2(aq) + H2O(l )Hint

a. 2H2O(l) b. 3O2(g) c.3H2S(g) d.3Br(l) e.Ba(OH)2

Balance the following equations.Hint a. PbO2 → PbO + O2 b. Fe(OH)3 → Fe2O3 + H2O c. (NH4)2CO3 → NH3 + H2O + CO2 d. NaCl + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + HCl

a. 2PbO2 -> 2PbO + O2 b. 2Fe(OH)3 -> Fe2O3 + 3H2O c.(NH4)2CO3 -> 2NH3 + H2O +CO2 d.2NaCl + H2SO4 -> Na2SO4 + 2HCl

Write a balanced chemical equation for each decomposition reaction. a. Ag2O(s)-> ? b.. ammonium nitrate-> dinitrogen monoxide + water

a. 4Ag + O2 b. NH4NO3-> N2O + 2H2O

Each equation is incorrect. Find the errors, then rewrite and balance each equation.Hint a. Cl2 + NaI → NaCl2 + I b. NH3 → N + H3 c. Na + O2 → NaO2

a. Cl2 + 2NaI -> 2NaCl + I2 Bringing the subscript over from the Cl is one of the mistakes. Iodine is diatomic that is another mistakes. b.N2 + 3H2 -> 2NH3 1)Nitrogen is diatomic 2)Not H3 it is H2 c.4Na + O2 -> 2Na2O 1)Not the right equation of for sodium oxide

Write sentences that completely describe each of the chemical reactions shown in these skeleton equations. a. NH3(g) + O2(g) -> NO(g) + H2O(g) b. H2SO4(aq) + BaCl2(aq) → BaSO4(s) + HCl(aq) c. N2O3(g) + H2O(l ) → HNO2(aq)

a. Gaseous ammonium reacts with oxygen gas in the presence of Platinum catalyst to produce nitrogen monoxide gas and water b. Aqueous solutions of sulfuric acid and barium chloride mix to produce a precipitate of barium sulfate and aqueous hydrochloric acid c. Dinitrogen trioxide gas reacts with water to produce an aqueous solution of nitrous acid.

Write a balanced equation for each of the following double-replacement reactions.Hint a. H2C2O4(aq) + KOH(aq) → b. CdBr2(aq) + Na2S(aq) → (Cadmium sulfide is a precipitate.)

a. H2C2O4(aq) + 2KOH(aq)-> K2C2O4(aq) + 2H2O(l) b. CdBr2(aq) + Na2S(aq) -> CdS(s) + 2NaBr(aq)

Write a balanced net ionic equation for the following reactions.Hint a.HCl(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) → b. AgNO3(aq) + AlCl3(aq) → (Silver chloride is a precipitate.)

a. H2O (HOH) b. AgCl(s)

Use the activity series of metals to write a balanced chemical equation for each single-replacement reaction. a. Au(s) + KNO3(aq) → b. Zn(s) + AgNO3(aq) → c. Al(s) + H2SO4(aq) →

a. no reaction; Gold is not more reactive than potassium, so atoms of Gold cannot replace atoms of Potassium b. Zn(s) + 2AgNO3-> Zn(NO3)2(ag) +2Ag c. 2Al(s) + 3H2SO4-> Al2(SO4)3 +3H2(g)

Write balanced chemical equations for the following combination reactions.Hint a. Mg + O2 → b. P + O2 → diphosphorus pentoxide c. Ca + S →

a.2MgO2 b. 4P + 5O2 -> 2P2O5 c. CaS

Identify the reactants and products in each chemical reaction.Hint a.Hydrogen gas and sodium hydroxide are formed when sodium is dropped into water. b.In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water react to form oxygen gas and glucose.

a.Reactants: sodium and water Products: hydrogen and sodium hydroxide b.Reactant: Carbon dioxide and water Product: Oxygen gas and glucose

specify the type of reaction: R + S → RS

combination

specify the type of reaction: R⁺S⁻(aq) + T⁺U⁻(aq) → R⁺U⁻(aq) + TS(s)

double replacement reaction; two compounds react to form two new compounds

What are spectator ions?

ions not used in the net ionic equation

Skeleton equation

is a chemical equation that does not indicate the relative amounts of the reactants and products(need skeleton to get a balanced chemical equation)

chemical equation

is a representation of a chemical reaction; the formulas of the reactants(on the left) are connected by an arrow with the formula of the products(on the right)

Catalyst

is a substance that speeds up the reaction but is not used up in the reaction

coefficients

small whole numbers that are placed in front of the formulas in an equation in order to balance it

When are elements in a chemical equation diatomic?

when they are by themselves