Chapter 11: The Jefferson Republic

French acquiring Louisiana Area

1. A secret pact which was a problem to American was signed in 1800. Napolean Bonaparte talked to the King of Spain for the consideration of the Trans-Mississippi region of Louisiana. Which includes the New Orleans Area. 2. Rumors of the transfer were confirmed in 1802 when the Spaniards at New Orleans withdrew the right of land guaranteed to America by Pinckney's treaty of 1795.

Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton duel 1804

1. Aarom Burr's Jefferson's first term Vice President played no role in Justfying big government fears. 2. Aaron Burr dropped from the cabinet in Jefferson's second term. Burr joined with a group of Federalist extremists plotted the secession of New England and New York. 3. Alexander Hamilton wasn't a friend of Jefferson but he exposed the plot. Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel. Hamilton hated duling but feared that his honor was as stake. 4. Hamilton met Bur's challenge at the appointed time but refused to shoot. Burr killed Hamilton with one shot. 5. Burr killed the smartest and most efficent leader of the Federalist Party. Burr's poltical carrer was dead.

The Deal for Louisiana

1. After a week of haggling and negotiation while the fates of North America trembled in the balance. Treaties were signed on April 30, 1803 ceding Louisiana to the USA for $15 Millon. 2. When the news of the bargain reached American Jefferson was mad. He authorized his envoys to offer no more than $10 Million for New Orleans plus an immeasurable tract to the West. 3. Instead they had signed 3 treaties that pledged $15 Million for New Orleans plus a massive tract to the West. An area that would more than double the country.

Why was Jefferson was anti-war against Europe?

1. America was sick of France and the British's mistreatment. But a large scale foreign war was against the settled policy of the Republic. The Navy was very weak thanks to Jefferson's polices. 2. The Army was even weaker. A defeat would not improve America.

John Marshall

1. American jurist and politician who served as the chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1801-1835) and helped establish the practice of judicial review. 2. He was a long time Federalist because of his experience in the Revolution. His life was committed to strengthening the power of the Federal government. 3. The state's right Federalist hated him for that. 4. Marshal served under many different presidents and parties. 5. The Federalist party eventually died out but his message lived on.

Native American Revolt

1. As more people started to move the Native Americans were being pushed away. Two Native American Brothers Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa known to non Indians as " The Prophet." concluded that the time has come to rush the tide. 2. They began to form a confederacy of all tribes east of the Mississippi. Inspiring a movement of Indian unity and cultural renewal. Tecumseh urgded his supporters never to cede land to whites unless all Indains agreed. 3. Congress was convincded that British in Canada were nourishing the Indian's growing strength.

Burr's failed Confederacy

1. Burr moved to the Trans-Mississppi west and struck an alligance with General James Wilkinson. The Miltarty govenor of the Louisana Territory and secert agent of the Spainsh Crown. 2. Wilkinson apparently planned to serpate the Western part of the USA from the East and expand their confederacy. With Invasions of Spainish controlled Mexico and Flordia. 3. In 1806 Burr and 60 followes floated in boats down the Mississppi River to meet Wilkinson's Army at Natchez. 4. Wilkinson learned that Jefferson know about the plot he betrayed Burr and fled to New Orleans. Burr was arrested and tried for treason Burr went to Europe afterwards.

How the revolution of 1800 wasn't actually a revolution

1. But the election was no revolution in the sense of a massive popular upheaval or a change in the political system 2. In truth Jefferson has narrowly squeaked to victory 3. Jefferson meant that his election represented a return to what he considered the original spirt if the revolution 4. In his eyes the federalists betrayed the ideas of the revolution of 1776 and 1787

James Madison's War

1. By 1812 Madison believed War with the British was inevitable. The British Arming Hostile Indians pushed hm toward this decison. So did the warhawks. 2. Southerns looked toward Spainsh controlled Florida. Above all Madison turned to war to restore confidence in the Republican experiment. 3. Madison asked Congress to declare war on June 1st. The House voted 79 to 49 for war. Senate 19 to 13. Support for the war came from the south the most.

Jefferson's Embargo Act

1. European Nations at war heavily depended on the USA for raw materials and food. In a search to an alternative for war. 2. Jefferson thought that America cut off it's exports with the other nations would be forced to stop. Responding to the president Congress passed the Embargo Act in 1807. The law forbade the export of all goods from the USA. 3. The Embargo Act enforced Jefferson's idea of peacful coercion. If it did well it would stop putting the USA against one another. If failed Jefferson fear the Republic would perish. Fallen down to the European Powers or sucked into foreign wars.

Federalists against the war

1. Federalists in the North and South didn't want war. Pro-British Federalists in the Northeast sympathized with Britain and resented the Republican's sympathy for France. 2. The Federalists opposed the acquisition of Canada which could create more states and add more votes to the DR'S. 3. Rich people from New England gave money to the British. Federalists farmers sent huge qualities of supplies and food to Canada. 4. No sober American thought they could stand a chance against the British but the DR's thought they had no other choice.

USA's war with North African Pirates.

1. Harsh realites forced Jefferson to act. Pirates of North African Barbary states had a history of Black Mailing and plundering Merchant Ships that sailed into the Medittranean. 2. Adam's Admistration had been forced to buy protection. At the time of the French Crisis of 1798 when Americans wanted defense for tribute 63 barrells of Black Mail Money was shipped to the pirates. 3. Jefferson didn't want a war but he didn't want to pay Tribute to the pirates either.

Impressment

1. Impressment the forcible enlistments of sailors was crude form of conscripton that the British have used over 400 years. 6,000 men were clubbed and impressed by the British from 1808 to 1811 alone. 2. Most of them died or was killed under majesty's request. In 1807 came the Chesapeake Affair, a royal frigate took over a frigate called " The Chesapeke" about ten miles off the coast of Virginia. 3. The British captian demanded the surrender of 4 allegded deserters. London had never claimed the right to seize sailors from a foreign warship.

Attack on the Native Americans

1. In 1811 William Henry Harrison Governor of Indiana Territory gathered an army and advanced on Tecumshe's headquarters. At the junction of the wabash and Tippecanoe rivers in present day Indiana. 2. Techumesh was gone recruiting supporters in the South, But the Prophet attacked Harrison's Armywith a small force of Shawnees. The Shawnees were route and their settlements were burned.

Why was Jefferson mad about the Louisiana Purchase?

1. Jefferson fought between his theorist and strict constructionist values versus the Democratic way. 2. In the constitution it said no way that the President had the power to negotiate treaties incorporating a huge new expense into the union. 3. Yet Jefferson also perceived that the new land now within reach could form a Empire of Liberty that would ensure the health and long life of America's experiment in Democracy. 4. In private Jefferson proposed that a constitutional amendment be passed. But his friends made the agurement that if they did not act quickly France may withdrawn there offer. So Jefferson shamelessly submitted the treaties to the Senate, while admitting to his associates that what he was doing was unconstitutional.

The flaws of the Democratic Republicans

1. Jefferson had to rely on his personal charm because his party was so weak to control congress 2. Denied the power to dispense patronage. 3. The Democratic-Republicans could not build a loyal political following. 4. Opposition to the Federalists was the glue holding them together. 5. The federalists started to fade and so did the unity of the Democratic Republicans. 6. The era of well developed, well disciplined political parties still lay in the future of dying unity.

The End of the Excise Tax

1. Jefferson hated Adam's Excise Tax which hurt bureaucrats and Jefferson's following. 2. He persuaded Congress to cancel it. 3. The Repel cost the Federal Government a 1,000,000$ in needed revenue.

Jefferson on Religion

1. Jefferson was a Liberal when it comes to Religion 2. He wanted to separate church and state as much as possible 3. Although he did believe in god preachers throughout New England ( A stronghold of federalists) thundered against his alleged atheism 4. The extreme religious were scarred of Jefferson

Jefferson getting rid of Federalist actions

1. Jefferson was determined to undo the Federalist abuses done by Anti-French Hysteria. 2. The Aliens and Sedition Acts had already expired. 3. Jefferson pardoned the people serving sentences under the Sedition acts and the government reduced many fines.

The Rise of James Madison

1. Jefferson was happy to leave after 8 years. Jefferson favored the nomination of his friend James Madison. Madison took the Presidental oath on March 4th, 1809. as the war in Europe was getting worse. 2. Madison was crippled as President by Factions of his own party and cabinet. Unable to dominate Congress as Jefferson had done Madison often controlled foreign polices that his party didn't influence.

Jefferson's Auguration

1. Jefferson was inaugurated as president on March 4th 1801. 2. The swampy village of Washington D.C. 3. Having spent 5 years as minster to France he was a flunt in French and he never lost his touch to the common people 4. His wealth and Fame didn't support his democratic ideas and he was often very humble. 5. Jefferson's inaugural address was a classic statement of democratic principles " the will of the majority over the power of the minority" " the minority posses there equal rights that must be protected" " we are all Republicans we are all federalists " Jefferson wanted to unite the nation

Growing tension in Europe

1. Jefferson was reelected in 1804 with 162 Electroal votes to only 14 votes to a Federalist Opponent. 2. New Problems came in Europe during his second term. After meeting in Louisiana in 1803 Napolean started another war with the British. A conflict that ragded on for 11 years. 3. For 2 years the USA enjoyed commerical success. But a setback came in 1805. After the Battle of Traflgar Horatio Lord Nelson smashed French and Spainsh Fleets off the coast of Spain ensuring British supermacy over the seas. France crushed Russia and Austria creating superamacy of land in Europe. 4. France and Britian now remained Supreme in there choosen ways.

The presidential election of 1800

1. Jefferson won by a majority of 73 electoral votes to 65 2. The unpopular Adams polled more electoral strength than he had 4 years earlier 3. Except for New York, New York fell to support to Jeffersonian control by the narrowest of margins because of Aaron Burr 4. Jefferson did best in the south and west especially in states where universal white suffrage have been adopted

Why did the Embargo Act fail?

1. Jefferson's Embargo Act failed to understand America's dependence on Britain. Britain was fine they grew their own crops and traded with Latin America. 2. With most of Europe under control, Napoleon could afford to lose trade with America. The French continued to seize American ships and steal cargo. 3. Jefferson miscalculated the unpopularity of the act and had a hard time to enforce it. It didn't work out enough to have actually good results. But the Act forced the Americans to industrialize. The Embargo started to foundations for the Industrial Revolution.

New Land for America

1. Jefferson's bargain with Napoleon was great. Overnight he avoided war with France and possible alliance with England. 2. With the Louisiana Purchase America secured the western half of the richest river valley in the world. And laid the fountains for a major world power. The great idea envisioned by Jefferson of democracy can played out in the valley. This created a valuable precedent for future expansion.

Jefferson's goal during his presidency

1. Jefferson's mission was to restore the Republican experiment. To check the growth of a large government and to stop the decay set by the Federalists

Thomas Jefferson vs Aaron Burr

1. Jeffersonian and Burr his Vice President runner received the same number of electoral votes for the presidency 2. Under the constitution the tie could only be brown by the House of Representatives 3. The house was controlled by lame duck federalists who preferred Burr and hated Jefferson 4. The deadlock was broken at last when the Federalists voted for Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson taking back the courts.

1. Jeffersonian's hated the last minute appointees denouncing the trickery of the Federalists as open defiance of the people's will. 2. The newly elected Jeffersonian Congress be stirred itself to repel the Judiciary Act of 1801. The year after it's passage. 3. Jefferson took 16 seats back from Adams. The Jeffersonian's really wanted to get rid of the Chief Justice John Marshall. ( Who Adams had appointed before )

The end of Federalist Rule

1. John Adams vs. Thomas Jefferson 2. Adam's federalists waged a defensive struggle for a strong central government and central order. 3. The DR's presented themselves as the guardians of purity, liberty, and states rights. 4. Under 12 years of Federalist rule in 1800 the Jeffersonians took power

The Fall of John Adams and the Federalists Party

1. John Adams was the last Federalist President of the USA 2. His party sank into poltical oblivion and ultimately disappeared completely in the days of Andrew Jackson 3. Jefferson later claimed that the election of 1800 was a revolution comparable to the one in 1776 4. Sometimes referred to the revolution of 1800

What did Lewis and Clark research on the trip?

1. Lewis and Clark's 2 1/2 year expedition yielded scientific observations, maps, knowledge of Indians, in the region, and wilderness adventure stories.

Lewis fight with the Natives

1. Lewis was lucky to come back alive when he and 3 other men left the expedition to explore the Marisa River in present-day western Montana. 2. A band of teenage Black Foot Indians armed with muskets by British fur traders operating out of Canada and stole there horses. 3. Lewis pursued the horse thieves on foot. He shot one Marauder through the belly, But the Indians returned the fire. After killing another Black foot and hanging one of the expedition's peace and freedom medals around the dead man's neck as a warning to other Indians. 4. Lewis and his companions ran out of the Marras country to rejoin the Main Party on the Missouri River.

America's almost War with France

1. Louisiana controlled by Spain posed by no real threat. America could seize the terrtiotry when the time was right. 2. But now controlled by France it was a big deal. To defeat Naoplean, The USA had to fight him. America alone would not be strong enough to defeat his armies. 3. America would have to seek allies which was against America's Anti-Alliance precedent set by Washington.

Why the USA didn't trust France

1. Madison knew better than to trust Napoleon but he gambled the threat of seeing the USA trade exclusivly with France would lead the British to repeal their restrictions. 2. The termss of Macon's Bill gave the British 3 months to live up to there promise to revoice the orders in council and reopening the Atlanic to neutral trade. 3. They did not.

What did Marbury v. Madison establish?

1. Marshal expanded the Authority of the court. 2. Until the case of Marbury v. Madison no one had the final authority to determine the meaning of the constitution. 3. Aka Judicial Review

The failed impeachment of Samuel Chase

1. Marshall promoted the idea of Judicial Review. 2. The idea that the Supreme Court had the last word on the question of constitutionally. 3. In this landmark case Marshall supports the power of the Supreme Court in American Life. 4. Marshall's decision regarding Marbury made the Jeffersonian's mad and wanted revenge. Jefferson urged the Impeachment of Supreme Court Justice Samuel Chase. Who was was very unpopular by the DR's 5. Early in 1804 Impeachment charges against Chase was voted in the House which was passed and then went to the Senate. The Indictment by the House was based on " High Crimes" and misdemeanors as layed out in the constitution 6. Yet the evidence was obvious that Chase was not guilty of high crimes. The Senate failed to get enough votes to remove Chase. 7. This set a precedent to this day that no serious attempt has been made to reshape the Supreme Court by Impeachment. Jefferson's attempt at " Judge breaking" was a victory for the independence of the Judiciary and the separation of powers among the gov and 3 branches.

Napoleon's Hatian problem

1. Napolean decided to sell all of America and abandon his dream of a new world empire. 2 reasons changded his mind. 2. He had failed in his efforts to reconquer sugar rich Island of San Domingo ( Hatit) Which Louisana was to serve as a source of food for Hati. 3. Rebellonsous enslaved Africans inspired by the French Revolution's promise of equlity. Led by Toussaint L'overture had tired for there freedom in 1791. There revolt was broken. But the Island's second line of defense mosquitos carrying yellown fever had swept away French Troops. Without Hati there was no need for food supplies from Lousiana. Which hurt Napoleon's economy.

Napoleon's end of war with Britain

1. Napoleon wanted to end the 20 month conflict with Britain. Because the British controlled the seas. Napoleon was worried that the French may have to give them a forced gift of Louisiana. 2. Rather then pushing the Americans to the British by attempting to hold the area. Napoleon decided to sell the land to fund the wars in France. 3. Napoleon hoped that the United States strengthen by Louisiana would one day be a military and naval power that they could crush Britain's power in the New World.

Why did the peaceful purchase of Louisiana mean?

1. New Orleans, France, and the USA paved the way for America's diplomatic success.

The Rise of the Warhawks.

1. Not all of the DR's policy was against going to war. The 12th congress which met in 1811 diffred away from the older men. 2. They were replaced them with young hot heads many from the South and West. Called Warhawks by Federalists. The New congressmen wanted war. 3. They hate the manhandling of American sailors and British orders in council that disrupted the flow of American trade. Warhawks also wanted to wipe out the renewed Native American threat to pioneers settlers going to into the Trans-Allegheny Wilderness.

Jefferson's reduction of Miltary

1. One of Jefferson's first actions as president was to reduce the size of the military. Critics called it penny pitching. Jefferson's resistant to invest in soilders and ships was less about money and more about republican ideas. 2. Without being involved in bloody wars and alliancies in Europe. The USA would set a example for the rest of the world. Stopping military interaction and winning friends through " Peaceful Coercion". DR's didn't like large armies because it made American seem like a dicatorship. 3. Navies were less worried about because they could only do so much. Jefferson saw little point in building a fleet that would push the country into wars outside American shores.

The Framework of Marbury v. Madison

1. One of the Midnight judges William Marbury who was appointed by Adams was named Justice of Peace for Washington D.C. 2. When Marbury learned that his commission was being taken by Secretary of State Jame Madison. He sued him. 3. Chief Justice Marshal knew that his Jeffersonian Rivals a writ to deliver the commission to Federalist Marbury 4. Marshal dismissed Marbury's suit to avoid political conflict. Marshal explained in his ruling that part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 which Marbury tried to use as evidence in his appeal was unconstitutional. 5. The Act tried to assign Supreme Court powers that the constitution didn't say belonged to the Judiciary Branch.

The Non-Intercourse Act

1. Rising from 14 votes in 1804 to 47 votes. The Federalists in New England talked of secession and Jefferson later admitted that he wasn't fit for the job. 2. An alarmed Congress yielded to public Anger finally repealed the Embargo on March 1th 1809. Non-Intercourse Act measure formally reopened trade with all the nations of the world. Except for Britain and France. 3. This policy continued to be the policy of the Jeffersonians from 1809 to 1812 when the nation plunged into war.

Albert Gallatin

1. Secretary of Treasury to Jefferson who reduced the national debt and balanced the budget. 2. Agreed with Jefferson that a nation's debt was bad rather then a blessing and a strict economy needed to reduce spending and also balance the budget.

Trading tension: USA vs. UK. vs France

1. Since 1806 Britain had justifted it's orders in council as retaliation for Napoleon's actions. Saying that trade restrications would be lifte if the French disappered. 2. The French held out the same half promise. In 1810 France said they would repeal if Britian also repeal if Britain lifted it's orders in council. 3. Napoleon had no intention of permitting unrestricted trade between America and Britain. He hoped the USA would push it's Embargo against the British creating a blockade against his enemy

The Increase in American Gun Boats

1. Small gunboats that the Navy used had a lot of success in the Tripolitan War. Jefferson believed that the ships were really good tools for protecting the American shoreline. 2. About 200 gunboats were constructed in Shipyards made for Jefferson. 3. Usually holding 1 gun they were more of a menace to the crew than the actual enemy. They called American Gunboats the Best in the world.

The Distar of the ports.

1. The American commander refused the request. The British fired cannons killing 3 Americans and hurting 18. The Four deserters were dragged away and Cheaspeake went back to the port. 2. Britian was in the wrong, But London did nothing. Americans were very mad. Jefferson still tried his best to avoid war at all costs.

Effects of the Embargo Act

1. The American sank under the Act causing America to fall before Britian or France could even react. Habors were deserted. And umemployment increased the DR's severly hurt the commerce of New England. 2. The Middle and South hurt too. Farmers a stronghold of Jefferson's suffered because they couldn't export there products. 3. America tried despratly to trade with Canada. Which seemed like a stab in the back against the DR's. The Embargo Act had the effect of even reviving the Federalist Party.

The continue of Hamilton's programs

1. The Jeffersonian's left the Hamiltonian framework essentially intact. 2. They didn't touch the programs funding the national debt ( at par ) 3. And assuming the revolutionary war debts of the states. 4. No attacks on the bank of the United States. 5. Didn't repel protective Federalists tariffs. 6. In later years the DR's embraced Federalism to recharter a bigger bank and to boost the protective tariffs to a higher level.

The Framework of the Judiciary Act of 1801

1. The Judiciary Act of 1801 was one of the last important laws passed by the expiring Federalist Congress. 2. It created 16 new Federal judge ships and other judicial offices. 3. Adams remained at his desk until 9 o'clock in the morning in the last day of his office. Signing the commissions of the Federalist " Midnight Judges." 4. This Federalists sponsored Judiciary Act packed lifetime seats with Federalists against the Jeffersonian. This was seen by the Jeffersonian's as a attempt for the Federalists to take control of the Supreme Court while the Federalists were out of Office.

Tripolitan War

1. The Showdown came in 1801. The Pasha, dissatisfied with his share of protection money informally declared war on the USA. But cutting down the flagstaff of the American Consulate. 2. A war was thrown to Jefferson. He rose to the challenge be sending America's small weak navy to the shores of North Africa. After 4 years of fighting Jefferson succeeded in creating a new treaty of peace from Tripoli in 1805, For a price of only $60,000 was given as ransom payments for captured Americans.

Jefferson's push out of the Old World

1. The capture of foreign land and peoples based on purchase and there incorporation into the union based on equal membership. This was just imperialism with a fresh new democratic face. 2. America allowed the people to still obey French common law. By removing the last significant European Power from North America the USA now had the freedom to get rid of Ancient systems of the old World.

Lewis and Clark's route to the Pacific

1. The explorers created an overland trail to the Pacific down the trail to the Pacific thousands of Missionaries, fur traders, and pioneering settlers went on that trail in later decades. 2. In the long run the Louisiana Purchase expanded the fortures of the USA and the power of the Federal Government. 3. In the short term the expanse of territorty and faraway reach of the governement and much they controlled raised fears of secession and foreign threats.

Lewis and Clark Expedition

1. The extent of the New area was more fully unveiled by a series of explorations under Jefferson's direction. In the spring of 1804 Jefferson sent his personal secretary Meriweather Lewis and officer William Clerk to explore the northern part of the Louisiana purchase. 2. Lewis and Clark corps of discovery rode the Missouri River from St. Louis and spent the winter of 1804-1805 with the Mandala Indians in North Dakota. 3. Aided by Sacajawea, the 33 adventurers struggled across the Northern parries through the Rockies finally descending the Columbia River to the Pacific Coast.

The Federalists fight for survival

1. The federalists were fighting for survival 2. The federalists labored under heavy handicaps there Alien and sedition acts created a lot of enemies although most of the critics were DR's 3. The Hamiltonian wing of the Federalist Party robbed of its wannabe war with France hated Adams. 4. The most damaging blow to the Federalists was the refusal of Adams to give them a fight with France. In preparation for the upcoming war that never happened it increased public debt, and had required disagreeable new taxes. Including a stamp act. After all these unpopular measures the want for war was gone.

How the federalists attacked Jefferson

1. The military preparations were unnecessary and Extravagant. 2. The Federalists tried to get the heat off of them by attacking Jefferson 3. He became a victim of America's earliest whispering campaigns 4. He was accused of having robbed a widow and having children of a trust fund and fathered numerous kids with his own slave women.

Macon's Bill No. 2

1. The non-intercourse act of 1809 was due to expire in 1810. Congress dismissed the Embargo Act completly with a new act known as Macon's Bill No.2. 2. Reopened trade with the rest of the world. If Britian or France repealed it's commerical restrications America would restore it's Embargo Act against the Non-repelling Nation. 3. It basically admitted that the USA couldn't survive without a commerical ally.

The peaceful pass of power

1. There was a peaceful and ordinary transfer of power in the basis of an election whose results all parties accepted 2. This was a remarkable achievement for the young nation especially after all the Partisan bitterness that agaited the country. During Adams Presidency 3. After a decade of division and doubt Americans could take pride in the experiment of democracy

The Buying of New Orelans meeting

1. Trying to stay lowkey in 1803 Jefferson sent James Monroe to Paris to join forces with the regular minster. Robert R. Livingston. 2. The two envoys were instructed to buy New Orleans and much land as they could to the East for $10 Million. Negotiations were to be opened with Britain for Alliance. 3. Jefferson hated war and didn't want any alliances. But he was willing to make an allance with Britain against France in order to secure New Orleans.

Economic Weapons used in Europe

1. Unable to hurt each other directly. The London government beginning in 1806 issued a series of orders in council. 2. These edicts closed the European ports under French control to foreign shipping. Including America. 3. Unless the ships stopped in America first there was no way to trade with either Nation without fighting each other. Taking over ships was common but kidnapping American sailors was even worse.

Why was the Louisiana Area important to America?

1. Warehouse privleages were imporant to the Frontier. Farmers who floated there supplies and goods down the Mississippi River. 2. Anger rolled about the river and the valley. Pioneers talked upon attacking New Orleans, riffles in hand which could have startled a war between Spain and America. 3. Thomas Jefferson was caught between a rock and a hard place.

How Jefferson wasn't a elite

1. Washington loved the atmosphere of the Democratic Republicans it contracted sharply with the atmosphere of Federalist Philadelphia 2. He wasn't elegant like other elites. Jefferson would receive callers in sloppy attire. Once in a dressing gown and slippers 3. He started the precedent of sending messages to congress read by a clerk 4. Personal appearances like the federalists suggested a monarchal speech from the throne. 5. In reality Jefferson was forced to reverse many of the political principles he had so vigorously politics

What helped Jefferson win the election of 1800?

1. What helped Jefferson was the 3/5 compromise 2. By counting 3/5 of the slave population for the purpose of the slave population's Congressional representation, the compromise gave white southerners 3. A bonus that helped Jefferson win the White House 4. Northern critics called Jefferson a " negro" president and an enforcer of slave power

Why didn't the British repeal there restrications?

1. With control of the seas, London saw little need to Bargain. As long as the war with Napoleon went on they decided America could trade exclusively with the British Empire or with nobody else. And vice versa. 2. Madison's gamble failed. He saw no choice but to reestablish the Embargo against Britain alone. A decison that he knew meant the end of American neutrality and towards war.

Louisiana Purchase

1803 purchase of the Louisiana territory from France. Made by Jefferson, this doubled the size of the US.

The Battle of Tippecanoe

1811 Tecumseh and the Prophet attack, but General Harrison crushes them in this battle ends Tecumseh's attempt to unite all tribes in Mississippi.

The presidential election of 1800 proved

It was the first election that the Federlists and the Democratic Republicans functioned as 2 national poltical parties. And was the first peaceful transtion of power between parties

What did Jefferson prove when he was getting rid of Federalists work?

Jefferson showed that a change in party does not have to be disastrous for the drafted group. His leadership pointed to a two party system that would be a characters of American politics.

The Jeffersonian Revolution of 1800

Jefferson's view of his election to presidency. Jefferson claimed that the election of 1800 represented a return to what he considered the original spirit of the Revolution. Jefferson's goals for his revolution were to restore the republican experiment, check the growth of government power, and to halt the decay of virtue that had set in under Federalist rule.

The Naturalization Law of 1802

Law that reduced the requirement of 14 years of residence to the previous 5 years.

The Kentucky Resolutions

These stated that a state had the right to declare a law unconstiutional, or nullify a law, within its borders. These were written by Jefferson and Madison to resist the Alien and Sedition Acts

Marbury v. Madison

This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review

The Judiciary Act of 1801

a law that increased the number of federal judges, allowing President John Adams to fill most of the new posts with Federalists

judical review

the power of the Supreme Court to declare laws and actions of local, state, or national governments unconstitutional