Chapter 11 - The Nervous System: Integration and Control
13) Which one of the following establishes and maintains the resting potential? A) Na+ leak channel B) K+ leak channel C) sodium-potassium pump D) depolarization E) repolarization
Answer: C Topic: Sec. 11.3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
15) All of the following are functions of the myelin sheath EXCEPT which one? A) The myelin sheath speeds up transmission of action potentials. B) The myelin sheath insulates a neuron and saves the neuron energy. C) The myelin sheath plays an important role in synaptic transmission. D) The myelin sheath is involved in the repair of damaged neurons in the peripheral nervous system.
Answer: C Topic: Sec. 11.4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
20) Which one of the following processes is depicted in the figure above? A) hyperpolarization of an axon bulb B) repolarization of a neuron C) synaptic transmission D) inhibition of a presynaptic neuron E) antagonistic effects of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems
Answer: C Topic: Sec. 11.5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Determine whether each of the following descriptions is characteristic of the parasympathetic division or the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. Answers may be used more than once. A) sympathetic nervous system B) parasympathetic nervous system its effect is to prepare the body for emergencies
Answer: A
Determine whether each of the following descriptions is characteristic of the parasympathetic division or the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. Answers may be used more than once. A) sympathetic nervous system B) parasympathetic nervous system postganglionic neurons secrete norepinephrine
Answer: A
Determine whether each of the following descriptions is characteristic of the parasympathetic division or the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. Answers may be used more than once. A) sympathetic nervous system B) parasympathetic nervous system preganglionic motor neurons originate in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord
Answer: A
Determine whether each of the following descriptions is characteristic of the parasympathetic division or the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. Answers may be used more than once. A) sympathetic nervous system B) parasympathetic nervous system preganglionic neurons originate in the brain or sacral region of spinal cord
Answer: A
Match each of the following disorders associated with the nervous system with its description. A) Parkinson's disease B) multiple sclerosis C) encephalitis D) meningitis E) epilepsy progressive, degenerative disorder caused by a shortage of dopamine in the brain; symptoms include muscle tremors in hands and feet and an eventual loss of mobility
Answer: A
Match the following types of neurons with their descriptions. A) sensory neurons B) interneurons C) motor neurons transmit impulses toward the central nervous system
Answer: A
1) The central nervous system is composed of which of the following? A) brain and spinal cord B) autonomic nervous system and brain C) somatic division and autonomic division D) sensory division and motor division E) somatic division and motor division
Answer: A Topic: Sec. 11.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
46) Short-term memory is associated with the ________, whereas long-term memory is associated with the ________. A) limbic system, cerebral cortex B) cerebral cortex, hypothalamus C) cerebral cortex, limbic system D) hypothalamus, cerebral cortex E) limbic system, hypothalamus
Answer: A Topic: Sec. 11.11 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
47) All of the following statements about psychoactive drugs are TRUE EXCEPT which one? A) Psychoactive drugs typically bind to the medulla oblongata. B) Psychoactive drugs are able to cross the blood-brain barrier. C) Psychoactive drugs directly affect neurotransmitters. D) Psychoactive drugs change the normal patterns of brain electrical activity. E) Many psychoactive drugs lead to dependence, tolerance, and addiction.
Answer: A Topic: Sec. 11.12 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
6) Which one of the following cells transmit impulses away from the central nervous system to the muscles and other organs? A) motor neurons B) interneurons C) sensory neurons D) neuroglia E) dendrites
Answer: A Topic: Sec. 11.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
10) Which one of the following happens during repolarization of a neuron? A) Sodium channels close, and potassium rushes out of the cell to temporarily reestablish the membrane potential. B) Potassium channels close, preventing further loss of positive ions. C) The sodium-potassium pump is turned off. D) Sodium channels open to allow sodium ions to rush back out of the cell. E) The membrane potential is eliminated.
Answer: A Topic: Sec. 11.3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
8) Which one of the following steps occurs during the absolute refractory period? A) The neuron cannot generate an action potential. B) Sodium channels open, releasing sodium ions into the neuron; potassium channels close. C) Sodium and potassium channels open. D) A nerve impulse is propagated. E) Potassium channels open, releasing potassium ions from the neuron; sodium channels close.
Answer: A Topic: Sec. 11.3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
16) Oligodendrocytes are similar to Schwann cells in that they A) are a type of neuroglial cell B) are located in the central nervous system C) conduct nerve impulses D) help neurons regenerate after injury E) are located in the peripheral nervous system
Answer: A Topic: Sec. 11.4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
19) Saltatory conduction is A) the process of conduction leaping along myelinated neurons B) an action potential generated in taste receptors or buds C) the movement of neurotransmitters across a synaptic cleft D) the activation of the fight-or-flight response E) the movement of an electrical impulse from the dendrite to an axon
Answer: A Topic: Sec. 11.4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
26) Which one of the following types of neurotransmitter functions as an inhibitory agent, typically suppressing the sensation of pain? A) endorphins B) acetylcholine C) epinephrine D) serotonin E) somatostatin
Answer: A Topic: Sec. 11.5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
27) Which one of the following is NOT directly involved in the production of a typical spinal reflex? A) brain B) sensory neuron C) motor neuron D) interneuron E) stimulus
Answer: A Topic: Sec. 11.6 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
32) Preganglionic motor neurons of the ________ division of the nervous system originate in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord. A) sympathetic B) parasympathetic C) central nervous system D) paralumbar E) cerebral cortex
Answer: A Topic: Sec. 11.6 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
37) The three main anatomical and functional divisions of the brain are the A) forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain B) frontal, parietal, occipital C) cerebellum, medulla oblongata, pons D) ventricles, meninges, nerve tracts E) hypothalamus, thalamus, pituitary
Answer: A Topic: Sec. 11.8 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
38) The reticular formation is associated with A) wakefulness, posture, and muscle tone B) vision C) regulation of heart rate and blood pressure D) conscious thought E) water and solute balance
Answer: A Topic: Sec. 11.8 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Determine whether each of the following descriptions is characteristic of the parasympathetic division or the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. Answers may be used more than once. A) sympathetic nervous system B) parasympathetic nervous system its effect results in a calm, relaxed state
Answer: B
Determine whether each of the following descriptions is characteristic of the parasympathetic division or the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. Answers may be used more than once. A) sympathetic nervous system B) parasympathetic nervous system postganglionic neurons secrete acetylcholine
Answer: B
Match each of the following disorders associated with the nervous system with its description. A) Parkinson's disease B) multiple sclerosis C) encephalitis D) meningitis E) epilepsy autoimmune disorder that results in damage to the myelin sheaths of CNS neurons; transmission of impulses is subsequently disrupted
Answer: B
Match the following types of neurons with their descriptions. A) sensory neurons B) interneurons C) motor neurons transmit impulses within the central nervous system
Answer: B
45) Which of the following parts of the brain is associated with emotions and behavior? A) corpus callosum B) limbic system C) cerebellum D) hypothalamus E) medulla oblongata
Answer: B Topic: Sec. 11.10 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
48) Insufficient production of acetylcholine in the synapses of the brain, abnormal tangled neurons, and large deposits of beta-amyloid are problems associated with which one of the following diseases? A) meningitis B) Alzheimer's disease C) rabies D) Parkinson's disease E) epilepsy
Answer: B Topic: Sec. 11.13 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
49) Which one of the following diseases is caused by a virus that is introduced to the body through the skin and travels along sensory neurons to the brain? A) meningitis B) rabies C) epilepsy D) Alzheimer's disease E) Parkinson's disease
Answer: B Topic: Sec. 11.13 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
11) A neuron at rest has a charge difference across its cell membrane, with the interior of the cell negative relative to the exterior. This difference in charge across the plasma membrane is referred to as ________ potential A) action B) resting C) graded D) refractory E) depolarization
Answer: B Topic: Sec. 11.3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
14) By which one of the following methods is a stronger stimulus coded by neurons differently from a weaker stimulus? A) A stronger stimulus results in greater depolarization. B) A stronger stimulus results in more action potentials/unit time. C) A stronger stimulus results in action potentials, which travel faster. D) A stronger stimulus results in hyperpolarization of the neuron. E) A stronger stimulus results in prolonged influx of Na+ ions and a delay before repolarization.
Answer: B Topic: Sec. 11.3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
9) Which one of the following occurs with each cycle of the sodium-potassium pump? A) Sodium is moved into the cell, creating a net negative charge outside the cell. B) The net effect is removal of one osmotic particle and one positive charge from inside the cell. C) The net effect is removal of one osmotic particle and one negative charge from inside the cell. D) The inside of the cell becomes more negative as potassium is pumped out. E) Two potassium ions and three sodium ions are pumped out of the cell.
Answer: B Topic: Sec. 11.3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
21) During synaptic transmission, the influx of ________ causes vesicles in the axon bulb to fuse with the cell membrane, releasing ________. A) mitochondrion, neurons B) Ca2+, neurotransmitter C) neurotransmitters, Ca2+ D) vesicles, neurons E) neurons, mitochondrion
Answer: B Topic: Sec. 11.5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
24) Excitatory neurotransmitters encourage the generation of new electrical impulses by which one of the following? A) stimulating saltatory conduction B) stimulating depolarization of postsynaptic neurons C) inhibiting postsynaptic neurons from repolarizing D) inhibiting presynaptic neurons from depolarizing E) stimulating depolarization of presynaptic neurons
Answer: B Topic: Sec. 11.5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
28) Control of smooth muscle and internal organs is the role of the ________ division of the nervous system? A) sensory B) autonomic C) endocrine D) somatic E) postsynaptic
Answer: B Topic: Sec. 11.6 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
36) The region of brain that coordinates antagonistic muscle movements is the A) medulla oblongata B) cerebellum C) pons D) thalamus E) occipital lobe
Answer: B Topic: Sec. 11.8 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
43) Conscious thought is associated with which one of the following? A) cerebellum B) cerebral cortex C) medulla oblongata D) hypothalamus E) thalamus
Answer: B Topic: Sec. 11.8 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
3) The motor division of the peripheral nervous system sends information to all of the following EXCEPT which one? A) somatic division B) autonomic division C) sensory division D) parasympathetic division E) sympathetic division
Answer: C
Match each of the following disorders associated with the nervous system with its description. A) Parkinson's disease B) multiple sclerosis C) encephalitis D) meningitis E) epilepsy inflammation of the brain; symptoms include headaches, hallucinations, and disturbances in speech and behavior; often caused by a viral infection
Answer: C
Match the following types of neurons with their descriptions. A) sensory neurons B) interneurons C) motor neurons transmit impulses away from the central nervous system transmit impulses toward the central nervous system
Answer: C
12) Each of the following statements correctly describes an action potential EXCEPT which one? A) Once triggered, an action potential always looks exactly the same in form and voltage. B) An action potential continues to propagate itself into the next region of an axon. C) Action potentials are propagated by the sodium-potassium pump. D) Action potentials include a depolarization phase followed by a repolarization phase. E) Action potentials temporarily reverse the polarization of the axon membrane.
Answer: C Topic: Sec. 11.3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
22) Which one of the following events associated with the transmission of an impulse across a synapse occurs last? A) Action potential arrives at an axon bulb. B) Neurotransmitter is released into synaptic cleft. C) Chemically gated channels for sodium open. D) Calcium diffuses into an axon bulb. E) Neurotransmitter binds to receptors on postsynaptic membrane
Answer: C Topic: Sec. 11.5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
25) Convergence occurs when several presynaptic cells A) depolarize simultaneously B) depolarize sequentially C) form a synapse with a single postsynaptic cell D) activate the sodium-potassium pump of a Schwann cell E) form a synapse with multiple postsynaptic cells
Answer: C Topic: Sec. 11.5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
31) Which one of the following activities would be facilitated by the sympathetic nervous system? A) increased digestion and absorption B) decreased respiratory rate C) increased blood pressure D) decreased heart rate E) increased bladder contraction
Answer: C Topic: Sec. 11.6 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
33) The central nervous system is enclosed by membranes or meninges called the A) dura mater, alma mater, and pia mater B) fore, mid, and hind meninges C) dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid D) pleura, parietal, and arachnoid E) glial, Schwann, and interstitial
Answer: C Topic: Sec. 11.7 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
35) From an evolutionary standpoint, which of the following structures is considered the oldest, most primitive division of the brain? A) forebrain B) midbrain C) hindbrain D) cerebrum E) medulla oblongata
Answer: C Topic: Sec. 11.8 Skill: Knowledge
39) The left and right sides of the cerebrum are interconnected by which one of the following? A) pons B) medulla oblongata C) corpus callosum D) thalamus E) cerebral cortex
Answer: C Topic: Sec. 11.8 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
44) When a person changes from one level of sleep to another during the night, neuronal activity in which one of the following brain regions increases? A) limbic B) hypothalamus C) reticular activating system (RAS) D) corpus callosum E) pons
Answer: C Topic: Sec. 11.9 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
2) Which one of the following provides the central nervous system with information about the outside environment? A) motor division B) sympathetic division C) parasympathetic division D) sensory division E) autonomic division
Answer: D
Match each of the following disorders associated with the nervous system with its description. A) Parkinson's disease B) multiple sclerosis C) encephalitis D) meningitis E) epilepsy inflammation of the connective tissue layers surrounding the organs of the central nervous system
Answer: D
50) Which one of the following diseases is a progressive degenerative disorder caused by destruction of dopamine-releasing neurons in the brain that coordinate muscle movement? A) Alzheimer's disease B) epilepsy C) encephalitis D) Parkinson's disease E) rabies
Answer: D Topic: Sec. 11.13 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
4) Electrical impulses are transmitted between components of the central nervous system via which one of the following? A) glial cells B) motor neurons C) sensory neurons D) interneurons E) macrophages
Answer: D Topic: Sec. 11.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
5) Axons branch into axon terminals, which have ________ located at the terminal ends. A) Schwann cells B) dendrites C) nodes of Ranvier D) bulbs E) hillocks
Answer: D Topic: Sec. 11.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
17) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a demyelinating disease that results from nerve damage in the A) brain B) diaphragm C) intercostal muscles D) spinal cord E) sensory nerves
Answer: D Topic: Sec. 11.4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
18) Cells that provide direct protection and physical support to neurons are A) located only in the spinal fluid B) found primarily in lymphatic fluids C) myelinated D) neuroglial cells E) nodes of Ranvier
Answer: D Topic: Sec. 11.4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
23) There are several toxins that interfere with synaptic transmission. Botulism toxin, for example, interferes with the fusion of acetylcholine-containing vesicles with the membrane of the axon bulb. This would result in which one of the following? A) blockage of Ca2+ diffusion into the axon B) slow diffusion of the neurotransmitter across the synaptic cleft C) inability of neurotransmitter to bind the receptor on the postsynaptic membrane D) blocking of neurotransmitter release by the presynaptic membrane E) hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane
Answer: D Topic: Sec. 11.5 Skill: Application/Analysis
29) Both voluntary and involuntary skeletal muscle movement are controlled through which one of the following divisions of the nervous system? A) sensory division B) sympathetic division C) parasympathetic division D) somatic division E) endocrine division
Answer: D Topic: Sec. 11.6 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
30) Which one of the following divisions of the nervous system predominates during the relaxed state? A) sensory division B) sympathetic division C) somatic division D) parasympathetic division E) endocrine division
Answer: D Topic: Sec. 11.6 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
42) Which one of the following parts of the brain effectively links the nervous system and the endocrine system? A) medulla oblongata B) cerebral cortex C) corpus callosum D) hypothalamus E) cerebellum
Answer: D Topic: Sec. 11.8 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Match each of the following disorders associated with the nervous system with its description. A) Parkinson's disease B) multiple sclerosis C) encephalitis D) meningitis E) epilepsy a condition characterized by seizures and abnormal periods of brain electrical activity
Answer: E
7) During which one of the following phases of an action potential do the sodium channels close and potassium channels open, releasing potassium from the neuron? A) depolarization B) reestablishment of resting potential C) saltatory propagation D) both depolarization and repolarization E) repolarization
Answer: E Topic: Sec. 11.3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
34) During a brain surgery, a surgeon passes an instrument through the dura mater. Which one of the following does the surgeon pass through next? A) bones of the skull B) vertebrae C) cerebrospinal fluid D) pia mater E) arachnoid
Answer: E Topic: Sec. 11.7 Skill: Application/Analysis
40) Regulation of the production of breast milk, carbohydrate metabolism, and temperature control are some of the functions of the A) frontal lobe B) midbrain C) medulla oblongata D) thalamus E) hypothalamus
Answer: E Topic: Sec. 11.8 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
41) Control of respiratory rate, heart rate, and blood pressure is integrated through the A) cerebral cortex B) cerebellum C) thalamus D) hypothalamus E) medulla oblongata
Answer: E Topic: Sec. 11.8 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
10) The strength and duration of a stimulus determine the amplitude of an action potential. (True/False)
Answer: FALSE Topic: Sec. 11.3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
3) The repolarization phase of an action potential is dependent on the sodium-potassium pump. (True/False)
Answer: FALSE Topic: Sec. 11.3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
1) The two major subdivisions of the nervous system are the central nervous system and the limbic nervous system. (True/False)
Answer: FALSE Topic: Sec. 11.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
2) All cells that make up the nervous system have excitable membranes (True/False)
Answer: FALSE Topic: Sec. 11.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
8) An action potential is a long or rapid release of energy, generated by the sodium-potassium pumps of neurons. (True/False)
Answer: FALSE Topic: Sec. 11.3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
11) Neurotransmitters always cause depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane. (True/False)
Answer: FALSE Topic: Sec. 11.4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
6) During periods of stress or increased activity, the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system predominates; during periods of rest, the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system predominates. (True/False)
Answer: FALSE Topic: Sec. 11.6 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
12) The functional barrier between blood and the brain is cerebrospinal fluid. (True/False)
Answer: FALSE Topic: Sec. 11.7 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
7) Motor neurons of the peripheral nervous system transmit impulses away from the central nervous system. (True/False)
Answer: TRUE Topic: Sec. 11.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
4) Reestablishment of the resting potential in a neuron following an action potential requires the activity of the sodium-potassium pump. (True/False)
Answer: TRUE Topic: Sec. 11.3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
5) The absolute refractory period characteristic of neurons is important in ensuring that action potentials travel in only one direction. (True/False)
Answer: TRUE Topic: Sec. 11.3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
9) A student noticed that every time he smelled a certain perfume in the hallway, it reminded him of his mother. This is due largely to the activity of the limbic system. (True/False)
Answer: TRUE Topic: Sec. 11.8 Skill: Application/Analysis
2) The contraction of smooth and cardiac muscle is controlled by the ________ division of the peripheral nervous system.
Answer: autonomic Topic: Sec. 11.6 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
4) Shifting the membrane potential of a neuron from negative to positive, due to inward movement of sodium ions, is referred to as ________.
Answer: depolarization Topic: Sec. 11.3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
1) Arrival of an action potential at an axon terminal results in the release of ________.
Answer: neurotransmitters Topic: Sec. 11.5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
3) For an action potential to be generated, a minimum membrane voltage, or a(n) ________ , must be reached.
Answer: threshold Topic: Sec. 11.3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
