Chapter 11: The Swiss Reformation

Institutes of Christian Religion

-"what it means to be a Protestant" -Written by Calvin after he escaped from Geneva and was in Straussburg.

Predestination

-All events have been willed by God, and He has already decided who is going to heaven and hell.

Guillaune Farel

-Calvin's partner in Geneva, also a reformer.

Geneva (Calvin)

-Initially Catholic majority and strong Protestant minority. -Calvin tries to change Geneva to Protestant majority, but pushed to hard, so he flees to Straussburg. Here he writes "Institutes of Christian Religion" -Calvin comes back once Geneva is a Theocracy. He becomes the leader of Geneva: Bible = constitution. -He sets strict rules to protect "the elect" from sinning and thus, not going to heaven.

Ulrich Zwingli

-Leader of the Swiss Reformation -Says: "must stop selling our citizens into mercenaries", because they lose 'nationalism' and potential sovereinity from the Holy Roman Empire. -Beliefs: whatever lacked literal support in Scripture was to be neither believed nor practiced.

The Marburg Colloquy

-Made to settle the disputed between Luther and Zwingli -Luther: Holy Spirit is in bread and wine (Eucharist) -Zwingli: No Holy Spirit, just bread and wine (Eucharist) -Because of this feud, their reformations are not united

"The Elect"

-People that God have chosen to go to Heaven -These people could only go to Heaven if they don't sin, everyone else goes to Hell by default.

John Calvin (1509-1564)

-Was French, had many benefices as a child (broke the laws of pluralism and absentism) -1534: Converts to Protestantism by missionaries.

Transanceptiation [spelling?]

-body and blood of Christ is just bread and wine, no holy spirit inside

Max Weber

-wrote "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1904)" -Book describes that Protestants have better work ethic because they have less holidays than Catholics.