Chapter 12
Stimulates new non basic businesses
Attracting a new basic industry is important to a community, primarily because it A replaces obsolete industry. B stimulates new nonbasic businesses. C disrupts the central place hierarchy. D changes the nation's rank-size distribution of settlements. E changes the community's functional classification.
Biotechnology services
One of the most important basic activities in the Boston area is A government and education. B manufacturing of durable goods. C manufacturing of textiles. D entertainment and recreation services. E biotechnology service
Vendors who move from town
Periodic markets are likely to feature A consumer goods that change periodically in the central business district. B large sales after the holiday season. C stock prices that change on a daily basis. D a daily offering of business services throughout the year. E vendors who move from town to town.
Hinterland
The area surrounding a service from which customers are attracted is the median. range. meridian. hinterland. threshold.
Market center for exchange of goods and services
A central place is defined as market center for exchange of goods and services. hexagonal settlement pattern. hinterland surrounding a service. nodal range of a market. rank and size distribution of cities.
Business process outsourcing BPO
Back-office functions are also called command and control centering (CCC). business-process outsourcing (BPO). tax advantage outsourcing (TAO). market threshold outsourcing (MTO). business-process offshore banking (BPOD).
To meet the needs of people to bury the dead
Which of the following is a possible explanation for the development of consumer services in early settlements? A as a way to furnish the military with supplies before battle B the agricultural hearth led directly to the need for services C to meet the needs of people to bury the dead D to meet the needs of farmers to purchase seed E services for nomads who travel through the region
New England
Clustered rural settlements were most common in which region of colonial America? Middle Atlantic plantations of the South Midwest Southeast New England
200,000
If a country follows the rank-size rule, how many people live in the fifth largest city if the largest city has 1,000,000 inhabitants? 50,000 5,000,000 200,000 500,000 100,000
Education retail health and leisure
The four main types of consumer services include A wholesale, social, leisure, and information service. B education, retail, health, and leisure. C education, retail, professional, and financial. D health. social, professional, and public. E transportation, education, wholesale, and financial.
23.5
The percent of Americans who live in a food desert is estimated to be 23.5. 16. 31.4. 36.3. 9.8.
placement of buildings around a central market square.
Typical medieval European urban settlements were characterized by the A broad avenues in residential districts. B provision of parks and open space surrounding important churches. C placement of buildings around a central market square. D dispersal of palaces, churches, and other important buildings throughout the town. E demolition of ancient walls surrounding the town.
Urbanization in developing countries is increasing but there remains
Use Figure 12-11 to answer the question. Based on the information in the chart, which statement is TRUE? A Urbanization in developing countries is increasing but there remains a gap between developed and developing countries. B Beginning in 1980, urbanization rates stagnated in developing countries. C The world rate of urbanization reached 45 percent as of 2010. D The graph shows a trend towards counterurbanization in both developed and developing countries. E Urbanization in developed countries is nearly 100 percent, but remains at less than 45 percent in developing countries.
Mesopotamia
Which of the following is considered to have been a hearth of urban settlement? Mesopotamia Madagascar Athens Rome Scotland
Steel mill
Which of the following is most likely a basic economic activity? travel agency dental office steel mill gas station grocery store
Low wage rates and workers who can speak English
Which two factors influence the location of back-office services in developing countries? A market threshold and service range B political stability and language diversity C low-wage rates and workers who can speak English D tax advantages and bank secrecy laws E economics training and proximity to global markets
Sharing services
Which type of service challenges the traditional classifications of services as either a business or consumer service? taxi rides consumer sharing services periodic services business sharing sharing services
Clustered rural
Which type of settlement is characterized by farm buildings, homes, and churches located close together? dispersed rural clustered rural urban agricultural linear rural circular rural clustered
Basic industry
A firm that sells its products primarily to consumers outside its settlement is a global industry. basic industry. nonbasic industry. consumer service. primate city.
Regions usually found in low income areas where fresh fruit vegetables and other healthful foods are unavailable
A food desert is usually associated with A regions usually found in low-income areas where fresh fruit, vegetables, and other healthful foods are unavailable. B periodic markets that are only available to local people once a week in the Southwest United States. C sweets like cakes, candies, or pies which make people feel full but do not provide nutrition. D a lack of centrally-located grocery stores in the Rust Belt. E fresh produce generated by hydroponic cultivation in arid environments further than 1 mile away from rural inhabitants.
At least twice as large as the next smaller city
A primate city is defined as the seat of a Roman Catholic diocese. a rapidly growing city. the center of gravity for a hinterland. at least twice as large as the next smaller city. a city with political, economic, and cultural functions.
Less numerous and further apart
Central place theory predicts larger settlements will be more numerous and closer together. more numerous and farther apart. less numerous and closer together. less numerous and farther apart. more numerous.
50
Consumer services account for which percent of jobs in the United States? 75 25 5 50 10
The number and type of business services found there
Global cities are defined by A their location relative to other cities. B their total population. C the number of museums, monuments, and universities they offer. D their total population in relation to major capital cities. E the number and type of business services found there.
economic, political, cultural, and infrastructure factors.
Global cities are identified and ranked by a combination of A hinterland and gravity models. B economic, service, industrial, and infrastructure factors. C central place theory and gravity models. D political and infrastructure factors. E economic, political, cultural, and infrastructure factors.
Urban centers than rural communities
Heterogeneity is more commonly a characteristic of A suburban and rural communities. B urban centers than rural communities. C ancient urban centers than modern urban centers. D manufacturing centers and rural populations. E rural and urban centers.
There are many different kinds of people cities
Higher social heterogeneity in urban settlements means that A there are many different kinds of people in cities. B the people are more alike than in rural settlements. C people play a specialized role in the urban economy. D people compete for limited space. E the people you know socially are probably the same ones you see at work.
Primate city
If a country's largest city has 1,000,000 inhabitants and the second largest city has 200,000 inhabitants, which distribution does the country follow? equidistant rank-size central place economic base primate city
Tax breaks and privacy
In terms of global financial services, which two major benefits do developing countries offer? A privacy and low wages B dependent centers and tax breaks C tax breaks and privacy D command and control centers and low wages E command and control centers and dependent centers
Offshore financial and back office operations
In which two types of global business services do developing countries specialize? A entertainment and recreation B regional command and control centers C management consulting and staff training D offshore financial and back-office operations E biotechnology and medical research
Urban
In which type of settlement do most people in the world live? clustered rural agricultural urban dispersed rural primordial
bank secrecy laws and the avoidance of paying taxes in other countries.
The attraction of the "offshore banking" industry can best be explained by A the wide use of English and the large number of working students in the Cayman Islands. B low wages, bank secrecy laws, and the avoidance of paying taxes in other countries. C the avoidance of paying taxes in other countries and the hiding of prostitution and capital crimes. D bank secrecy laws and the avoidance of paying taxes in other countries. E corporate greed and the hiding of unethical and illegal behaviors, including prostitution.
talented people igniting economic advancement in communities, which attracts more talented people.
The clustering of tech jobs and talent in the United States is attributed to talented people igniting economic advancement in communities, which attracts more talented people. financial incentives to individuals, and tax breaks for businesses that move to cities with declining populations. investment capital distributed evenly throughout the country. recent college graduates investing in the economic development of "cool" cities. cultural factors such as amount of time off permitted by basic businesses.
Directly related to the number of people in the area and inversely
The gravity model predicts that the optimal location of a service is A directly related to the number of people in the area and inversely related to the distance people must travel to access it. B directly related to the distance people must travel and inversely related to the number of people in the area. C directly related to the range in the area and inversely related to the hinterland. D directly related to the number of people and services in the area and inversely related to the lengths of highways and railways that access it. E directly related to the median of people in the area and inversely related to the meridian of people who travel to access it.
Rank size rule
The hierarchical listing of settlements by size is known as the gravity model. economic base. nesting of settlements. rank-size rule. primate city.
Desire for access to a river or road
The long-lot system, brought to North America by the French, was developed primarily because of A inheritance laws. B long distance communication between farms. C collective land ownership. D common grazing land. E desire for access to a river or road.
Range
The maximum distance people are willing to travel for a service is the range. threshold. median. hinterland. meridian.
Threshold
The minimum number of people needed to support a service is called the range. hinterland. median. meridian. threshold.
A dispersed rural settlement pattern
The most significant impact of the United Kingdom's enclosure movement on the rural landscape was A increased rural population. B decreased urbanization through land redistribution. C a reinforced traditional clustered rural settlement pattern. D increased settlement because of improved transportation. E a dispersed rural settlement pattern.
Promote agricultural efficiency
The primary rationale for government support of the enclosure movement in the United Kingdom was to A promote agricultural efficiency. B discourage urbanization. C destroy traditional village life. D replace abandoned villages with new farmsteads. E create an aristocracy to control larger tracts of land.
The number and percentage of people
The process of urbanization can be analyzed by looking at which two dimensions of growth of a city? A The number and homogeneity of people. B The density and heterogeneity of people. C The percentage and density of people. D The number and percentage of people. E The size and density of people.
Business consumer and public
The three types of services are public, business, and customer. public, primary, and support. tertiary, secondary, and secret. business, tertiary, and consumer. business, consumer, and public.
In Asia situated on or near the coasts
Use Figure 12-12 to answer the question. According the map, where are the majority of cities with more than five million residents located? in North America and Europe in South Asia and Australia in Asia situated on or near the coasts in South America situated on or near the coasts in west Africa
Nigeria Kenya Tanzania India and Mexico
Use Figure 12-13 to answer the question. According to the map, which of the following lists of countries contain cities that are growing by at least 4 percent each year? Nigeria, Kenya, Tanzania, India, and Mexico Mexico, Peru, Bolivia, China, India, and Australia France, Germany, Romania, Russia, and Bulgaria India, China, Russia, Australia, and Spain South Africa, Kenya, Tanzania, Namibia, and Libya
Aircraft, boat and ship-building are found in Western communities.
Use Figure 12-9 to answer the question. Based on the information presented in the map, which statement about distinctive economic bases found in U.S. communities is TRUE? Logging and office and household furniture industries support a cluster of communities in the Pacific Northwest. The Northeast supports mainly luxury goods production, hosiery, and entertainment services. Aircraft, boat and ship-building are found in Western communities. Agricultural and farm-based businesses are located close to south and eastern ports. Clocks, carpets, and computers form the economic base of Florida towns.
Reflects population growth in developing countries
Which best describes the distribution of megacities? A follows the distribution of the most developed countries B was once clustered in the Fertile Crescent but has spread east to China C has caused air pollution in South America D is an indicator of urban renewal in developed countries E reflects population growth in developing countries
integrated financial institutions, insurance companies, and professional legal consultants
Which business services are the most likely to be concentrated in global cities? A luxury products and high-end retail shopping services B specialized retailers with small ranges serving high-income clients You Answered C headquarters of foreign governments, trade associations, and embassies D integrated financial institutions, insurance companies, and professional legal consultants
Telecommunications
Which development has reduced the need for spatial proximity and encouraged the relocation of back-office functions to developing countries? A ease of obtaining licenses B financial market reforms C international trade model of development D lower costs of leasing office space E telecommunications
A business sector cluster
Which does NOT describe an economic base? A Distinctive economic activities that bring money into a local community. B A business sector cluster. C The unique cluster of businesses in a place. D Made up of basic and non-basic businesses. E A community's collection of basic businesses.
Low wages and widespread use of English
Which factors best explain why many "call centers" are outsourced to India? A the wide use of English and a large number of working students B willingness of students to work night shifts and geographic situational factors C low wages and geographic situational factors D low wages and the widespread use of English E low wages and desperate economic conditions
