Chapter 12

Name the three most important monarchies in the Renaissance, and list some significant effects/wars/people that changed the monarchies.

(Answer: France, England, Spain) France: Recovery of Hundred Years' War, French people had a feeling of strong nationalism, King Louis XI (answer) England: War of Roses (Fighting for throne), Economical recovery (answer) Spain: Unification of spain, Ferdinand and Isabella (answer)

Albrecht Dürer masterfully incorporated the laws of ________ and the ideals of ______ into his works. At the same time, he did not abandon the preoccupation with detail typical of northern artists.

(Answers: Perspective and proportion)

The majority of the condottieri who fought in Italy were?

foreigners

What is the main idea of pantheism?

God is equal with the universe and all that is in it

Sacrosanta and Frequens

doctrines put in place intended to reform the Catholic church after the Great Schism.

Which King of France was granted the right to impose the taille, an annual direct tax usually on land or property, by the Estates-General?

King Charles VII

What was the goal of implementing liberal studies? A. To increase the spread of religion B. To help the individual to reach their full potential. C. To increase the spread of secularism D. To help women gain a place in society

Answer: B. To help the individual to reach their full potential.

What countries monarchy was the Estates General associated with? True or False Spain

Answer: False The Estates General was associated with the French Monarchy

What did Wyclif have disgust for and eventually attack?

Answer: Papal authority and medieval Christian beliefs and practices along with the corruption of the church.

To where did the Venetian Flanders Fleet maintain sea routes to? A. France and Spain B. Netherlands and Spain C. England and the Netherlands. D. England and France

Answer: C. England and the Netherlands

This artist was intrigued by Greek and Roman mythology. One of his famous works was Primavera, and he also painted The Birth of Venus. The Medici's commissioned him to do works for them

Botticelli

Burni wrote a biography on which famous Roman poet?

Cicero

The Hanseatic League was a ________ and _________ association that established bases in many _________ cities around Europe.

Commercial, Military, Port

The Medici family acquired most of their money from the _______. a)wool industry b)printing industry c)teaching business d)banking industry e)secretarial business

D) banking industry

Pope Alexander 6th: Pope Alexander the 6th was a Renaissance pope from the __________ who disregarded celibacy and had many children. A. Naples slums B. Medici Family C. Summerset Isles D. Borgia Family

D. Borgia Family

Which painter is most famous for painting School of Athens and is considered one of the three best painters of the Renaissance?

Raphael

On average how many courses were served during a tradition renaissance banquet?

4

Classicism is the return to ____________. a)the Greco-Roman principles b)the Middle Age style of painting c)the Renaissance's theories of civic duty

A) the Greco-Roman principles

What caused the war between the Valois and Habsburg dynasties? A. A dispute over land B. A struggle for power throughout Europe C. Disputes over Christianity

B (A struggle for power throughout Europe)

Which work was Brunelleschi's? A. David B. the Duomo C. Primavera

B (the Duomo)

What kind of territory did the Ottoman Turks start to gain and eventually start a thousand year empire on in 1453?

Byzantine Territory

Who signed the Peace of Lodi in 1454? A. French B. Spanish C. Italians

C (Italians)

Jan Van Eyck was a northern European artist that... A. Made a collection of sculptures in Florence B. Traveled to Greece with Brunelleschi in order to study ancient Greek architecture C. Was one of the first to use oil paints in order to create precise detail in his paintings D. Perfected the art of using charcoal in his paintings

C. Was one of the first to use oil paints in order to create precise detail in his paintings

Why was Machiavelli interested in the ruling tactics of Cesare Borgia?

Cesare Borgia (who was the son of Pope Alexander VI) was a ruthless ruler who had his sight set on carving out a new state in Central Italy who embodies the ideas that Machiavelli had about power.

Who wrote the Oration of the Dignity of Man and what did it discuss?

Giovanni Pico It proclaimed that humans have unlimited potential

What values Desiderius Erasmus have?

He believed in education, and was against corruption in the Church. He was a Christian Humanist.

What was the estates (tripartite) division of european history based on?

Heredity and quality

What two ideas is Neoplatonism based on?

Hierarchy of substances and a theory of spiritual love

What did families look for in the marriage of their children?

High social status and money.

39.) What did Lorenzo Valla prove was a forgery.

I - Donation of Constantine II - The Prince III - Piacenza IV - The fact that Julius has 4 A's V - The Black Hole Theory

What is the name of the book Castiglione wrote which explained how to be the perfect man or woman in attendance of the royal court?

The Book of Courtier

What was the difference between the Northern European art style and the Italian art style?

Italian artists focused on perspective and Northern artists focused more on details.

Where did Individualism originate, and what is it?

Italy It is an emphasis on the unique traits of individuals

Who invented the printing press and what was it's impact on the world?

Johannes Gutenberg. Encouraged literacy and played a large role in spreading the information of the Reformation. Gave scholars the ability to share their research

What ducal houses were involved in the war of the roses?

Lancaster vs. York

Uccello's work showed off his mastery of the ______

Laws of Perspective

The High Renaissance was dominated by artistic giants Michelangelo, Raphael, and ______.

Leonardo da Vinci (who wanted to advance from realism/ realistic portrayal to an ideal form of painting)

Who was the Spanish Inquisition targeted against?

Muslims and Jews in Spain 1478

What philosophy was Michelangelo influenced by?

Neoplatism

What territories were freed from papal control after the great schism?

Papal states

Who wrote 366 sonnets about his love, Laura whom he could never have?

Petrarch

How did humans secularize history?

Reduced the use "miracles" to explain incidents. Started to use documents and experiments to prove happenings. Political accuracy

The Italian renaissance art style included?

Shading and perspective

What was Isabella d'Este known for?

She was the leader of Mantua, a powerful negotiator, held humanist values, and helped spread the importance of art and education

Slavery in the Renaissance

Slaves in Italy were skilled employees, worked in the house, or created hand-made things for their owner. Girls were nursemaids and boys were playmates. Many slaves were young females. Italian-market slaves were gotten from the Black Sea and eastern Mediterranean area. Portuguese brought around 140,000 slaves from Africa from 1444-1505. Also, for a period of time, because of the shortage of work as a result of the Black Death, slavery was absent in the Renaissance.

What was the piece of literature that expressed upon Europe's obsession with political power and the author discussed whether a ruler should be feared or loved?

The Prince

In 1860 Jacob Burckhardt wrote a book, what was the name of this book?

The civilization of the renaissance in italy

List at least three or more achievements that Ferdinand and Isabella accomplished during their reign:

The unification of Spain under the combined regions of Aragon and Castile (answer) Pushed the Moors out of Granada in an attempt to create greater Spanish unity (answer) The establishment of strong unified infantry force. (answer) Exile of Jews from Babylonia (answer)

Why was Poland one of the great powers in Europe in the Renaissance?

Their political and economic power shifted from the Mediterranean basin to the countries on the Atlantic seaboard.

What independent state did Federigo da Montefeltro rule from 1444-1482?

Urbino

What are two benefits of an arranged marriage?

Women gave dowries/men received money higher social status could be obtained

What are the three basic attributes of the perfect courtier, describe in the Book of Courtier?

a.Fundamental native endowments such as, impeccable character, grace, talents, and noble birth. b. Cultivate certain achievements like participating in military and bodily exercises, having a classical education, and adorn his life to the arts by playing an instrument, drawing, and painting. c.Follow a certain code of conduct, nobles were to make a good impression, while being modest but not hiding their accomplishments.

Humanism was....

an intellectual movement in Renaissance Italy based on the study of Greek and Roman classics

What was Machiavelli's main concept regarding attaining and keeping power? a. A ruler should be virtuous and loved by all his subjects b. A ruler should always follow religious conduct c. A ruler might have to bend the rules and be feared by his subjects to maintain power d. A ruler should rule with a totalitarian effect

answer: C A quote from Machiavelli's The Prince to explain: "This leads us to a question that is in dispute: Is it better to be loved than feared, or vice versa? My reply is one ought to be both loved and feared; but, since it is difficult to accomplish both at the same time, I maintain it is much safer to be feared than loved, if you have to do without one of the two."

How did John Hus' life end? a. he was praised by the Church for his reformation efforts b. he was burned at the stake after being excommunicated from the Church for generating religious uprisings c. he died of old age after beginning the Protestant Reformation d. he committed suicide after being excommunicated from the Church

b

A universal person or l'uomo universale is marked by which of the following characteristics? a. someone who has traveled around the world b. someone who is tremendously rich c. someone who is capable of achievements in many areas of life d. someone who has been universal power

c

Which of the following is NOT true of the Kingdom of Naples during the Renaissance? a. it was a backward monarchy with a population consisting largely of poverty stricken peasants dominated by unruly nobles b. the island of Sicily is considered part of the Kingdom of Naples c. it was the center of the cultural glories of the Renaissance d. it was previously fought over by the French and Aragonese

c

What was the primary role of a married women?

have children

What are the tactics that the new monarchs used to control their countries?

re establishing centralized royal authority, suppressing the nobility, controlling the church, insisting people be loyal to their territory

Dante, Petrach, and Boccaccio were writer that first introduced _____________ literature.

vernacular