Chapter 12 Anatomy & Physiology
identify the structure labeled "10." a) anterior white commissure b) anterior medium fissure c) anterior white column d) anterior gray commissure e) anterior white horn
anterior gray commissure
the largest and most numerous of the glial cells in the central nervous system are the a) astrocytes b) satellite cells c) oligodendrocytes d) microglia e) ependymal cells
astrocytes
the dorsal root of a spinal nerve contains a) axons of motor neurons b) axons of sensory neurons c) cell bodies of motor neurons d) cell bodies of sensory neurons e) interneurons
axon of sensory neurons
the tough, fibrous, outermost covering of the spinal cord is the a) arachnoid b) pia mater c) dura mater d) epidural block e) periosteum
dura mater
______ are the most numerous type of neuron in the CNS a) sensory neurons b) motor neurons c) unipolar neurons d)bipolar neurons e) interneurons
interneurons
bill contracts a viral disease that destroys cells in the posterior gray horns in his spinal cord. As a result, which of the following would you except? a) loss of sensation in his torso b)inability to breath c) problems with moving his arms d) uncontrollable sweating of his feet e) problems with moving his legs
loss of sensation in his torso
autonomic centers that control blood pressure, heart rate, and digestion are located in the a) medulla oblongata b) pons c) mesencephalon d) diencephalon e) cerebellum
medulla oblongata
which of the following is not a function of the neuroglia? a) support b) memory c) secretion of cerebospinal fluid d) maintenace of blood-brain barrier e) phagocytosis
memory
after a stroke, what type of glial cell accumlates within the affected brain region? a) astrocytes b) satellite cells c) oligodendrocytes d) microglia e) ependymal cells
microglia
small, wandering cells that engulf cell debris and pathogens in the CNS are called a) astrocytes b) satellite cells c) oligodendrocytes d) microglia e) ependymal cells
microglia
the smallest neuroglia of the CNS are the a) astrocytes b) ependymal cells c) microglia d) oligodendrocytes e) none of the above
microglia
the cytoplasm that surrounds the nucleus of neuron is called the a) protoplasm b) nucleoplasm c) sacroplasm d)neuroplasm e) perikaryon
perikaryon
the spinal cord continues to elongate until about age a) 20 years b) 10 years c) 4 years d) 6 months e) 2 months
4 years
in an adult, the conus medullaries is found at about
L1
the ______ nervous system controls the skeletal muscle. a) sympathetic b) parasympathetic c) afferent d) somatic e) autonomic
somatic
sensory information is processed and relayed to the cerebrum by the A) medulla oblongata b) pons c)midbrain d) thalamus e) cerebellum
thalamus
where do somatic motor neurons reside a)10 b)12 c)13 d)14 e)15
15
the spinal cord consist of five regions and ____ segments a) 5 b) 12 c) 25 d) 31 e) the number varies widely among individuals
31
after age ______ the vertebral column continues to elongate, but the spinal cord itself does not a) 8 b)12 c) 18 d) 4 e) 1
4
where are the white columns of the spinal cord? a)4,5,6 b) 1,2,3 c) 7,11 d)12,13 e) 8
8
the part of the peripheral nervous system that carries sensory information to the CNS is designated a) motor b) afferent c) efferent d) autonomic e) somatic
afferent
in meningitis a) inflammation of the meninges occurs b) bacteria can be the cause c) viruses can be the cause d) CSF flow can be disrupted e) all of the answers are correct
all answers are correct
which of the following is true regarding an epidural block a) it is commonly used as a method of pain control during labor and delivery b) it affects only the spinal nerves in the immediate area of the injection c) it can provide sensory and motor anesthesia, depending on the anesthetic selected d) it can provide mainly sensory anesthesia, depending on the anesthetic selected e) all of the answers are correct
all answers are correct
the function of the astrocytes in the CNS includes which of the following? a) adjusting the composition of the interstitial fluid b) guiding neuron development c) maintaining the blood-brain barrier d) repairing damaged neural tissue e) all of the above
all of the above
which of the following are types of neuroglia a) ependymal cells b) microglia c) astrocytes d) oligodendrocytes e) all of the above
all of the above
_____ neurons are small and have no anatomical features that distinguish dendrites from axons. a) multipolar b) anaxonic c) unipolar d) bipolar e) none of the above
anaxonic
neurons that are rare,small,and lack features that distinguish dendrites from axon are called a) anaxonic b) unipolar c) bipolar c)tripolar e) multipolar
anaxonic
identify the structure labeled "3"? a) arbor vitae b)corpora quadrigemina c)aqueduct of midbrain d) pons e)diencephalon
aqueduct of midbrain
the dorsal root ganglia mainly contain a) axons of motor neurons b) axons of sensory neurons c) cell bodies of motor neurons d) cell bodies of sensory neurons e) synapses
cell bodies of sensory neurons
the _______ nevous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord. a) autonomic b) peripheral c) central d) efferent e) afferent
central
the spinal cord is part of the a) peripheral nervous system b) somatic nervous system c) central nervous system d) autonomic nervous system e) afferent nervous system
central nervous system
which of the following lies between the cerebrum and the brain stem? a) medulla oblongata b)pons c) mesencephalon d) diencephalon e) cerebellum
diencephalon
which of the following is not a function of the nervous system? A) sense the internal and external environments B) integrate sensory information C) coordinate voluntary and involuntary activities D) direct long-term functions, such as growth E) congtrol perpheral effectors
direct long-term functions, such as growth
identify the structure labeled "7?" a) dura mater b) lateral ventricle c)fourth ventricle d) subarachnoid space e) filum terminale
dura mater
the ______ is a strand of fibrous tissue that provides longitudinal support as a component of the coccygeal ligament. a) conus medullaris b) filum terminale c) cauda equina d) dorsal root e) ventral root
filum terminale
axons crossing from one side of the spinal cord to the other within the gray matter are found in the a) anterior gray horns b) lateral gray horns c) posterior gray horns d) gray commissures e) white commissures
gray commissures
the outward projections from the central gray matter of the spinal cord are called a) wings b) horns c) pyramids d) fibers e) tracts
horns
the cerebellum and pons develop from the a) telencephalon b) diencephalon c) mesencephalon d)metencephalon e) myelencephalon
metencephalon
______ neurons are the most common in the CNS. a) Mutlipolar b) anaxonic c) unipolar d) bipolar e) none of the above
multipolar
neurons that have several dendrites and a single axon are called a) anaxonic b) unipolar c) bipolar d) tripolar e)multipolar
multipolar
the most abundant class of neuron in the central nervous system is a) anaxonic b) bipolar c)multipolar d) pseudopolar e) unipolar
multipolar
the white matter of the spinal cord is mainly a) unmyelinated axons b) neuroglia c) schwann cells d) myelinated and unmyelinated axons e) nodes of Ranvier
myelinated and unmyelinated axons
the gray horns of the spinal cord contain mainly a) nerve tracts b) columns c) meninges d) nerve cell bodies e) funiculi
nerve cell bodies
_____ account for roughly half of the volume of the nervous system. a) axons b) dendrites c)neuroglia d) synapses e) efferent fibers
neuroglia
clusters of RER and free ribosomes in neurons are called a) neurofilaments b) neurofibrils c) perikaryon d) nissl bodies e) microglia
nissl bodies
the myelin sheath that covers many CNS axons is formed by a) astrocytes b) satellite cells c) oligodendrocytes d) microglia e) ependymal cells
oligodendrocytes
blood vessels that supply the spinal cord run along the surface of the a) pia mater b) dura mater c) epidural space d) subdural space e) subarachnoid space
pia mater
the layer of the meninges in direct contact with the spinal cord is the a) dura mater b) subarachnoid space c) arachnoid d) pia mater e) choroid plexus
pia mater
the tracts that connect the cerebellum to the brain stem are located in the a) medulla oblongata b) pons c) mesencephalon d) diencephalon e) thalamus
pons
identify the structure labeled "4." a) posterior gray column b) dorsal gray ganglion c) posterior white column d) posterior gray horn e) anterior gray horn
posterior gray horn
identify the structure labeled "1. " a) anterior white column b) lateral white column c) lateral white horn d) median commissure e) posterior white column
posterior white column
the rabies virus travels to the CNS via a) anterograde axoplasmic transport b) retrograde axoplasmic transport c) blood vessels d) subcutaneous connective tissue e) cerebrospinal fluid
retrograde axoplasmic transport
glial cells that surround the neurons in ganglia are a) astrocytes b) satellite cells c. oligodendrocytes d) microglia e) ependymal cells
satellite cells
which of the following are a type of glial cell found in the peripheral nervous system? a) astrocytes b) satellite cells c) c) oligodendrocytes d) microglia e) ependymal cells
satellite cells
the neurilemma of axons in the peripheral nervous system is formed by a) astrocytes b) satellite cells c) oligodendrocytes d) microglia e) schwann cells
schwann cells
_____ neurons form the afferent division of the PNS a) visceral sensory b) sensory c) neural sensory d) somatic sensory e) none of the above
sensory
a dorsal and ventral root of each spinal segment unite to form a a) cervical enlargement b) lumbar enlargement c) spinal nerve d) spinal meninx e) spinal ganglion
spinal nerve
identify the structure labeled "6"? a) choroid plexus b) fourth ventricle c) lateral ventricle d) cerebral aqueduct e) subarachnoid space
subarachnoid space
samples of CSF for diagnostic purpose are normally obtained by place the tip of a needle in the a) dura mater b) arachnoid mater c) epidural space d) subarachnoid space e) cerebral ventrices
subarachnoid space
identify the stucture labeled "9." a) dura mater b) superior sagittal sinus c) lateral ventricle d) subarachnoid space e) arachnoid granulation
superior sagittal sinus
the site of intercellular communication between neurons is the a) telodendria b) synaptic knob c) collateral d) hillock e) synapse
synapse
axons terminate in a series of fine extensions know as a) telodendria b) knobs c) collaterals d) dendrites e) synapses
telodendria
the subdural space lies between a) the arachnoid mater and the pia mater b) the pia mater and the dura mater c) the dura mater and the arachnoid mater d) the pia mater and the subarachnoid space e)the endosteum and the periosteum
the dura mater and arachnoid mater
in a(n) ________ neuron, the dendrites and axon are continuous or fused. a) multipolar b) anaxonic c) unipolar d) bipolar e) none of the above
unipolar
neurons in which dendritic and axonal processes are continuous and the soma lies off to one side are called a) anaxonic b) unipolar c)bipolar d) tripolar e) multipolar
unipolar
sensory neurons of the PNS are a) unipolar b) bipolar c) anaxonic d) multipolar e) tripolar
unipolar
which of the following are properties of cerebrospinal fluid? a) surrounds the brain and spinal cord b) fills the brain ventricles c) transports nutrients d) circulates continuously e) all of the above
all of the above
cerebrospinal fluid flows within the a) filum terminal b) subarachnoid space c) dura mater d) pia mater e) arachnoid mater
arachnoid mater
the largest and most numerous neuroglia in the CNS are the a) astrocytes b) ependymal cells c) microglia d) ogliodendrocytes e) none of the above
astrocytes
the axon is connected to the soma at the a) telodendria b) synaptic knobs c) collaterals d) axon hillock e) synapse
axon hillock
spinal nerves are a) purely sensory b)purely motor c) both sensory and motor d) interneuronal e) involuntary
both sensory and motor
what is produced by the structure labeled "2"? a) cerebrospinal fluid b) neurotrasmitters c) white matter d) hormones e) red blood cells
cerebrospinal fluid
a neural coretx is found on the surface of the a) cerebrum b) pons c) thalamus d) midbrain e) pons
cerebrum
indentify the structure labeled "1" a) choroid plexus b) cerebral aqueduct c) third ventricle d) subarachnoid space e) corpus callosum
choroid plexus
Branches that may occur along an axon are called a) telodendria b) synaptic knobs c) collaterals d) hillocks e synapses
collaterals
_______ line the brain ventricles and spinal canal a) astrocytes b) satellite cells c) oligodendrocytes d) microglia e) ependymal cells
ependymal cells
the outermost connective-tissue coveing of nerves is the a) endoneurium b) endomysium c) perineurium d)epineurium e) epimysium
epineurium
the ____ provides the principal link between the nervous and endocrine systems a) cerebellum b) medulla oblongata c) cerebrum d) pons e) hypothalamus
hypothalamus
the floor of the diencephalon is formed by the a)hypothalamus b) thalamus c)brain stem d)mesencephalon e) myelencephalon
hypothalamus
which of these is not one of the main division of the adult brain? a) cerebrum b) diencephalon c)prosencephalon d)midbrain e) pons
prosencephalon
which of the following is not a recognized structural classification for neurons? a) anaxonic b) bipolar c) multipolar d) pseudopolar e) unipolar
pseudopolar
if the dorsal root of a spinal nerve is severed a) output to skeletal muscles would be blocked b) output to visceral organs would be blocked c) the spinal cord would not be able to process information at that level d) the brain would not be able to communicate with that level of the spinal cord. e) sensory input would be blocked
sensory input would be blocked
the posterior horns of the spinal cord contain mainly a) sensory nuclei b) somatic motor nuclei c) autonomic motor nuclei d) nerve tracts e) sympathetic nuclei
sensory nuclei
which of the following activities or sensations is not monitored by interocepters? a) sight b) taste c) activities of the digestive system d) cardiovascular activities e) urinary activites
sight
the anterior horns of the spinal cord contain mainly a) sensory nuclei b) somatic motor nuclei c) autonomic motor nuclei d) nerve tracts e) sympathetic nuclei
somatic motor nuclei
what is the function of the structure labeled 12" a) control of skeletal muscle b) somatic sensory receiving c) visceral sensory receiving d) control of visceral effectors e) ascending pathway
somatic sensory receiving
the specialized membranes that surround the spinal cord are termed the a) cranial meninges b) cranial mater c) spinal meninges d) spinal mater e)epidural membranes
spinal meninges
Neurotransmitter for release is stored in synaptic a) telodendria b) knobs c) vesicles d) mitochondria e) neurosomes
vesicles
nerve tracts or fasciculi make up the a) central canal b) posterior gray horns c) gray commissures d) white columns e) anterior gray horns
white columns
the ventral root of a spinal nerve contains a) axons of motor neurons b) axons of sensory neurons c) cell bodies of motor neurons d) cell bodies of sensory neurons e) interneurons
axons of motor neurons
_______ neurons are short, with a cell body between dendrite and axon, and occur in special sense organs. a) multipolar b) anaxonic c) unipolar d) bipolar e) none of the above
bipolar
neurons that have one axon and one dendrite, with the soma in between are called a) anaxonic b) unipolar c) bipolar d) tripolar e) multipolar
bipolar
the white matter of the spinal cord contains a) bundles of axons with common origins, destinations, and functions b) bundles of dendrites with common origins, destinations, and functions c) sensory and motor nuclei d) both axon and dendrites e) interneurons
bundles of axons with common
the spinal cord, white matter is separated into ascending and descending tracts organized a) nuclei b)ganglia c) columns d) nervers e) horns
columns
functions of astrocytes include all of the following, except a) maintaining the blood-brain barrier b) conducting action potentials c) guiding neuron development d) responding to neural tissue damage e) forming a three-dimensional framework for the CNS
conducting action potentials
what is the function of the structure labeled 14 a) control of skeletal muscle b) somatic sensory processing c) control of visceral effectors d) somatic motor control e) visceral sensory processing
control of visceral effectors
As you ascend from the medulla oblongata to the cerebrum, the function of each successive level become a) more complex b) simpler c) better understood e) more crucial to visceral functions e) critical to reflexes
more complex
the thin partition that separates the first and second ventricles is the a) falx cerebri b) septum pellucidum c) septum insula d) interventricular foramina e) cerebral aqueduct
septum pellucidum
