Chapter 12 - CFS
Of those custodial parents with a child support order, what percentage still receives no child support?
26%
On average, among adults who have divorced, about _ percent of women and _ percent of men say that they regret their divorce.
27;39
On average, what percent of people who divorce regret doing so?
32%
Education (divorced)
People with lower levels of education are more likely to divorce than those with higher levels of education.
Which country has the highest rate of divorce in the world?
Russia
child support order
a legal document delineating the amount and circumstances surrounding the financial support of non-custodial children
intergenerational transmission of divorce
a pattern noted by researchers that people whose parents divorced are also more likely to divorce
Researchers used data from a nationally representative sample of 5000 married adults including 645 who reported being unhappily married. The unhappily married couples were the focus of this research, and were interviewed again five years later. The research team found:
Those who were in the least happy marriages at the time of the first interview reported the largest improvements in their marriages by the second interview.
Legal Separation
a binding agreement signed by both spouses that provides details about child support
sole legal custody
a child custody arrangement in which legal custody is granted solely to the parent with whom the child lives
sole physical custody
a child custody arrangement in which the child legally lives with one parent and "visits" the other parent
physical custody
a child custody arrangement that determines where the child will reside
joint physical custody
a custody agreement in which children spend a substantial portion of time in the homes of both parents, perhaps alternating weeks or days within a week
joint legal custody
a custody agreement in which noncustodial parents (usually fathers) retain their legal rights with respect to their children
no-fault divorce
a type of divorce, now prevalent in all 50 states, in which a divorcing couple can go before a judge without one party having to blame the other
binuclear families
a type of family consisting of divorced parents living in two separate households but remaining one family in spirit for the sake of the children
You are writing a term paper about the consequences of divorce for children. You learned that during the initial crisis period after the divorce, children ust cope with many different situations. Which is not one of these situations discussed in the text? a. conflict with grandparents b. handling parental conflict c. loss of a parent d. coping reduced standard of living.
a. conflict with grandparents
Research compared child outcomes among types of parenting - cooperative coparenting ( a "good divorce"), parallel parenting, and single parenting. They found that:
children in the cooperative coparenting group had the smallest number of behavior problems and were closer to their fathers, but on ten dimensions, such as school performance, self-esteem, substance abuse, or early sexual behavior, there were no differences between the groups.
late separation phase:
couple must learn to live as two single people
early separation phase:
couples face a series of issues as they separate. Who's going to move out? Where are they going to go?
Which is NOT one of the phases of separation discussed in the text? a. pre-separation b. late separation c. mid-separation d. non-separation
d. non separation
legal custody
deals with a parent's right to make major decisions about the children's health, education and welfare.
Since around 1980 the divorce rate has
declined
Early feminists such as Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Amelia Bloomer spoke out:
in favor of making divorce more available to women.
In the opening vignette, Melanie:
is now an adult who describes what is was like to have her parents divorced.
Some researhers suggest that we reconsider the plausibility of the "good divorce," because:
it promotes a false sense that everything will be fine as long as the parents cooperate with one another.
The pattern of divorce in Egypt generally reflects:
macro level factors associated with divorce.
marital endurance ethic:
most commonly, couples reported that their marriages got happier not just because partners resolved problems but because they stubbornly outlasted them
alimony
payment by one partner to the other to support the more dependent spouse for a period of time
Kyle is regaining autonomy and beginning to feel whole and complete again as a single person after her divorce. This is referred to as the _ station of divorce.
psychic
Mr. White works for the United Nations. His job is to compare divorce rates across countries, and to see how divorce correlates with a country's standard of living. He uses a measure of divorce base on the number of divorces that occur out of every 1,000 married women, This is called the:
refined divorce rate.
During the initial crisis period after the divorce, children must cope with many different situations. Which is NOT one of these situations discussed in the text?
seeking mediation
In what year was the divorce rate the highest between 1940 and 2014?
1980
refined divorce rate (RDR)
A measure of divorce based on the number of divorce that occur out of every 1,000 married women.
Which of the following represents a macro-level factor associated with divorce? A. divorce laws B. degree of similarity between spouses C. educational level of partners D. age at marriage
A. divorce laws
Aamir and Hofsa have a "good divorce," which means:
After they divorced, they remained amicable toward one another and now work diligently to preserve family ties.
Which of the following groups is most likely to agree with the statement, "Divorce is usually the best solution when a couple can't seem to work out their marriage problems"? A. married adults who have a cohabited B. cohabitating adults C. married adults who have never cohabited D. single adults
B. cohabitating adults
When Ben and Caitlin divorced, Caitlin was given sole legal custody. That means:
Ben is not legally authorized to make important decisions concerning his children's welfare.
Constance and Jerry are at the "pre-separation" phase of the divorce process. Which is NOT likely to be one of the things associated with this phase?
Couples face series of issues such as who will be the one to move out, and how the will work out financial matters.
Nonmarital childbearing (divorced)
Couples who bear or conceive children before marriage have a higher divorce rates than do other couples.
parental status (divorced)
Couples who have children - particularly young children - or who have many children are less likely to divorce
Sex of Children (divorced)
Couples who have sons are less likely to divorce than are couples who have daughters.
Race and Ethnicity (divorced)
Different racial or ethnic groups vary in their tendency to divorce.
With repsect to divorce in Egypt, which of the following statements is false?
Egyptian women, unlike men, are not allowed to file for a "no-fault" divorce.
Which tends to be worse for children like Melanie: experiencing their parents' divorce or experiencing their mrital conflict.
It depends on the severity of the conflict
Lillian and David are divorced and have one child who resides full-time with Lillian. They never settled on a child support agreement. They are among millions of divorced couple without an agreement. What is the most likely reason that they do not have one.
Lillian feels confident that David will pay what he can.
Lisa's parents are unhappy in their marriage and want a divorce. They have grown apart, and have other interest apart from one another. Although there isn't a lot of conflict, Lisa can tell that her parents do not love each other any more. Given what you know generally about divorce and its effect on children, do you think Losa would be happier and better adjusted herself if her parents divorce or stay together?
Lisa would likely be happier and better adjusted if her parents stayed together.
_ is a non-adversarial means of the resolution in which the divorce couple, along with a third party, such as a therapist or trained mediator, negotiate the terms of their financial, custody, and visitation settlement.
Mediation
the marital work ethic:
Some spouses actively worked to solve problems, change their behavior, and improve their communication
With respect to child support:
The federal government has stepped up efforts to enforce child support, but its efforts have not paid off significantly.
Stations of divorce (Bohannan)
The interrelated emotional, legal, economic, co-parental, community, and psychic dimensions of divorce, which together attempt to capture the complexity of the divorce experience.
The refined divorce rate clarifies how common divorce (and Melanie's experience described in the opening vignette) really is. Which of the following represents the refined divorce rate?
The number of divorces per 1,000 married woman.
divorce mediation
arrangement in which a professional mediator meets with divorcing parents to help them negotiate an agreement that both will find acceptable
Which of the following statements best characterizes the effects of divorce on children? a. almost all negative outcomes associated with divorce disappear once you take mother's level of education, race, and ethnicity into account. b. children whose parents divorce are more likely to become pregnant or impregnate others; and are more likely to dropout of school, use drugs, and suffer from depression c. Marital conflict tends to erode children's emotional bonds with their fathers, whereas divorce erodes their emotion bonds with their mothers. d. there are short term negative effect, which mostly disapeer after 2-3 years
b. CHildren whose parents divorce are more likely to become pregnant or impregnate others; and are more likely to drop out of school, use alcohol or drugs, and suffer from depression.
According to researchers, men are more likely than women to regret divorce. The researchers suggest three reasons for this finding. Which is NOT one of these reasons? a. Men are more likely than women to blame themselves for causing the divorce in the first place. b. Men are more likely than women to say that they miss having an active sex life. c. Men are considerably more likely than women to say that they would rather stay married and be unhappy than to be single, happy and successful. d. men are less likely to initiate the divorce.
b. Men are more likely than women to say that they miss having an active sex life.
Amelia and her husband have been happily married for nearly fifty years; meanwhile, many of their friends have divorced. Which of the following characteristics are most likely to describe Amelia and her husband? A. they are white; they have two daughters; they are of different religious faith b. they are asian; they have two sons c. they are hispanic; they have no children d. they are white; they have high levels of education; they have no children.
b. they are Asian; they have two sons
which of the following represents a micro level factor associated with divorce? A. a country's level of socioeconomic development B. whether your parents divorced c. the level of patriarchy in culture d. the dominant religion that is practiced in a society
b. whether your parents divorced
Dee is a single mother of two, and has a legal document delineating the amount and circumstances of the financial support that the noncustodial parent should pay. This document is called.
child support order.
Reviews of many different studies that compared children in joint custody arrangements to children living in sole custody arrangements to children living in sole custody arrangements found that those in joint custody arrangements:
tend to have fewer behavior and emotional problems, high self-esteem, better family relations with their fathers and mothers, and often better school performance.
A study was conducted with a large group of unhappily married people who were interviewed twice over five years. The research asked, "Are those who divorced during the five year period happier than those who stayed married?" Some people who didn't divorce said their marriage improved they actively worked to solve problems, change their behavior, and improve their communication. This is called:
the marital work ethic.
personal happiness ethic:
the marriage problems did not depreciate immensely, but they still found a way to build a happy life despite an unhappy marriage.
Crude Divorce Rate (CDR)
the number of divorces per 1,000 people in the population
mid-separation phase:
the realities of daily living set in, such as maintaining two households, arranging visitation for the children and living on a reduced-income
legal divorce
the termination of the marriage contract by a state court order
Researchers believe that it may be the _ rather than the divorce itself that become problematic for children.
transitions
Parental conflict:
when parents have an evolutionary conflict of interest over the optimal strategy for parental care
Legal custody refers to:
who has the legal authority to make important decisions concerning the child/children.
