Chapter 12: Food Safety Concerns
Choose the nonchemical methods of pest management
-growing pest-resistant crops -using predatory wasps to destroy insects -trapping adult insects before they reproduce
Factors that influence whether a person gets sick after consuming food that is contaminated include
-high-risk groups such as young children and older adults -the number of pathogens or toxins in the food
When storing water for emergency situations
-keep containers in a cool place -change stored water every 6 months -store in tightly sealed, plastic bottles
Symptoms of Traveler's Diarrhea
-loose, watery stools -abdominal cramps
Benefits of food additives?
-may be used to prevent deterioration of food products from insects and other natural causes -may be used to preserve foods
Norovirus infection
-onset of symptoms occurs 12 hours to 2 days after exposure -symptoms may include vomiting, watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea
Poisonous human-made compounds that are in the environment and may be in our food include
-polychlorinated biphenols (PCBs) -benzene
Which is true about fungi?
-some are beneficial -some are edible
What are common ingredients that can be added to help preserve them?
-sugar -salt
Food should be held either below _______ degrees Fahrenheit or above _____ degrees Fahrenheit
40; 140
Pasteurization
a heating process that kills pathogens
Primary method for treating TD?
antibiotics
Single celled microorganisms that are common food-borne pathogens are
bacteria
Fermentation uses selected ______ and ______ to make acids and alcohols
bacteria and yeasts
Food irradiation can control the growth of insects, _____, _____, and parasites in foods
bacteria, genetic material
The two major pathogens responsible for most cases of food-borne illnesses are _________ and _______
bacteria; viruses
What is the most reliable method for sanitizing water?
boiling for one minute
The food additives amendment ____ GRAS substances as being defined as food additives
excludes
T/F: Placing a meat thermometer so it touched a bone will result in the most accurate internal temperature.
false
T/F: so many people in the US become sick from food that the food supply is not considered safe
false
TD is spread when pathogens from human or animal ______ are in water sources
feces
Eggs and egg products should be kept in the _____ prior to thoroughly cooking them
fridge
Stabilizers, thickeners, or binders
gelatin, pectin, guar gum
Food additives considered safe are included in the __________ ________ as ____________(GRAS) list
generally recognized as safe
Keeping hot foods _____ and cold foods _____ is a good cooking strategy that may be used in order to prevent the growth of microorganisms leading to foodborne illnesses
hot; cold
food-or-warer-borne illness
intestinal cramps, diarrhea, and vomitting
A part of an animal's body that is especially prone to harboring harmful microbes is the
intestinal tract
Chemical disinfectants examples
iodine and chlorine
Which statement is true about how food irradiation controls microbial growth?
irradiating foods breaks down chemical bonds, breaks down DNA, links proteins, and destroys cell membranes; therefore, microbial growth is decreased
Emulsifiers
lecithin
Foods likely to pose rick for food borne illness should be stored on the _____ shelves of the refrigerator
lower
Sweeteners
mannitol, corn syrup, aspartame
In spite of a food being irradiated, it is still important to follow food safety procedures during food preparation, especially for
meats
Flavor enhancers
monosodium glutamate, salt
aseptic processing uses ___________ to destroy all microorganisms and viruses
sterilization
Nutrients
thiamin, hydrochloride, folic acid, ascorbic acid
________ concentrations of pesticides found in foods are not known to produce adverse effects in the short term
tolerable
Viruses do not cause food intoxication because they do not secrete
toxins
T/F: Moist conditions favor bacterial growth. Therefore, many food preservatives work to decrease moisture content of foods
true
T/F: consuming raw fish is safe for most healthy people
true
A common route for transmitting harmful microbes involves ______, animals that live near sewage or garbage, such as flies, cockroaches, mice, and rats
vermin
Which of the following techniques are used for food preservation?
-additives -freezing -pasteurization
Some characteristics of bacteria are that they
-can sometimes live without oxygen -can sometimes form spores
Side effects of bismuth subsalicylate (BSS)
-consitpation -blackened tounge -nausea
Which foods have been approved by the FDA for the use of food irradiation?
-dry vegetable seasonings -meats -seeds -fresh fruits and vegetables
What properties of foods enables microorganisms to grow rapidly
-foods rich in protein -moist foods -foods with a slightly acidic and or neutral pH
What types of cutting board surfaces does the FDA recommend in order to prevent cross-contamination and food-borne illness?
-glass -plastic -marble
Microbes that cause food borne illness can live in
-water -air -soil
In an emergency situation, which of the following can be used as sources of drinking water for humans?
-water from the toilet tank -bottled water -melted ice cubes
When preparing to handle food, how long should you wash your hands in hot soapy water?
20 seconds
For a household of 2 adults and 3 children, it would be prudent to store at least _______gallons of water to last 5 days to prepare for a disaster
25
what are the four rules set by the USDA as part of the "check your steps!" program
CLEAN SEPARATE COOK CHILL
What is the safest way to ensure food will not contain pathogens that may lead to illness?
cooking the food
stomach flu or influenza
coughing, fever, weakness, and body aches
The unintentional transfer of pathogenic microbes from one food to another is called
cross-contamination
The use of food preservation techniques ________ the chance of microbial growth leading to foodborne illness
decreases
The process that kills microorganisms in water reducing the likelihood of infection is called
disinfection
What type of food product does not have to display the Radura symbol on its label after being irradiated?
dry vegetable seasoning
Parasites can rob people of their ______ and eventually their lives
nutrients
Best location to store an emergency food supply
pantry
Disease causing microbes are called
pathogens
Which of the following is an appropriate item to store for an emergency food supply?
peanut butter
A substance that people use to control or kill unwanted insects, weeds, or other organisms is called a
pesticide
Purpose of the Delaney Clause
prevents the use of intentional food additives that have been shown to cause cancer
Foods rich in ____ enable microorganisms to grow rapidly
protein
Adding _____ or _____ to foods are common preservation methods, which decrease water content and prevent bacterial growth
salt or sugar