Chapter 12: Host Defenses I

Which of the following are correct descriptions of the first line of defense?

- Involves barriers at portals of entry - Includes chemicals such as lysozyme and lactic acid - Examples include the ciliated epithelium of the respiratory passages, excretion of urine, and production of tears

Please label this image to demonstrate your understanding of the process of phagocytosis.

1. Chemotaxis. y phagocyte 2. Adhesion of bacteria 3. Engulfment into phagocytic vacuoles 4. Phagosome 5. Phagolysosome formation 6.. Killing and destruction 7. release of debris

Which of the following is part of the body's third line of defense?

B cells

Order the following choices to reflect the stages of phagocytosis, from the first step to the last step.

Chemotaxis. Formation of phagosome. Formation of phagolysosome. Killing and digestion of microbe. Exocytosis of debris.

Analyze the following components, and classify them according to whether they refer to the first, second, or third line of defense.

First line: Keratin Lysozyme lactic acid Lacrimation Second line: Fever Inflammation Phagocytosis Interferons Third line: Antibodies B lymphocytes T lymphocytes

According to the video, which process enhances the process of phagocytosis?

Opsonization

Which of the following is part of the body's second line of defense?

Phagocytosis

The statements below describe the process of phagocytosis. Drag and drop the statements to reflect the correct order in which they occur.

Phagocytosis steps occurs in following order: 1)Phagocytes are attracted by chemicals and move to the injured or infected area 2(PRRs (pattern recognition receptors )on host phagocytes binds to PAMPS (Pathogen-associated molecular patterns) on microbes. 3)Endocytosis is initiated forming a phagosome 4)A lysosome fuses with the phagosome forming a phagolysosome 5)Digestion proceeds as hydrolytic enzymes break down the cells. 6)The residual cells are expelled from the cell by exocytosis

1. Nonspecific chemical defenses of the human host include all of the following EXCEPT ________.

antibodies

Tissue injury leading to inflammation can be due to ________.

chemical injury mechanical injury infection

The four classic signs and symptoms of inflammation include all the following EXCEPT ________.

chills

An example of an exogenous pyrogen is _______.

endotoxin

Phagocytes are attracted by all of the following EXCEPT ________.

enzymes released by lysosomes

In phagocytosis, the digested contents are eliminated by ________.

exocytosis

True or False: Mitochondria contain hydrolytic enzymes.

false

True or False: Phagocytosis exhibits a memory response similar to specific immunity.

false

True or False: The complement system is part of the specific immune response.

false

The normal microbiota is part of the _______ line of dense.

first

Match the statement to the process it most accurately describes to test your understanding of inflammation

injury response = Immediate vasoconstriction and release of chemical mediators vascular reactions = Vasodilation with increased blood flow, vascular permeability, and fluid leakage edema = Infiltration of site by neutrophils, resulting in pus formation resolution and scar formation = Repair of the tissues

A ________ contains hydrolytic enzymes to digest foreign bacteria

lysosome

Diapedesis is the ________.

migration of white blood cells from the blood out to the tissues

________ are the precursors to macrophages.

monocytes

Which cell type is capable of phagocytosis?

neutrophils and macrophages

Fever is initiated when a substance in circulation, called a(n) _________, acts on the hypothalamus causing itto reset body temperature to a higher setting.

pyrogen

Inflammation is characterized by redness, warmth, swelling, and pain. In Latin, the term ________ means redness.

rubor

True or False: Complement factor C3b coats a bacterium and binds to C3b receptors on phagocytes, making the bacterium more susceptible to being phagocytized.

true

True or False: Phagocytosis is part of the body's nonspecific defenses.

true

True or False: Some hosts are genetically immune to the diseases of other hosts.

true

The symptoms of inflammation are mostly due to ________.

vasodilation