Chapter 12 Test, (1930s America: The New Deal)
How did Roosevelts views about the role of government different from presidents of the 1920s?
In the 1920s Hoover believed that everyone should be able to provide on their own not depend on government handouts and Roosevelts philosophy is completely different than Hoover's.
After 2 years of the New Deal, how many people were still unemployed?
10 million people
How much tax would Huey put on income of 1 million a year?
100% tax income
Fair Labor Standards Act
1938 act which provided for a minimum wage and restricted shipments of goods produced with child labor
How much did it cost to go to the movies in the 1930s?
25 cents
How many times was Roosevelt elected?
4 times
How many weekly listeners did Coughlin have?
45 million
Father Charles Coughlin
A Catholic priest from Michigan who was critical of FDR on his radio show. His radio show morphed into being severly against Jews during WWII and he was eventually kicked off the air, however before his fascist (?) rants, he was wildly popular among those who opposed FDR's New Deal.
What was Francis Townsend
A doctor
subsidy
A government payment that supports a business or market
What major shift in American politics took place in the election of 1936?
A major shift in American politics that took place was that American African Americans in the north switched from the party of Lincoln to the Democratic Party.
Second New Deal
A new set of programs and reforms launched by FDR in 1935
Recovery
A period of renewed economic growth followed by a recession or depression. (Was not successful)
Jazz
A style of dance music popular in the 1920s
AAA
Agricultural Adjustment Act
AFL
American Federation of Labor
What brought the end of the Great Depression?
American participation in World War II
Dorothea Lange
American photographer who recorded the Great Depression by taking pictures of the unemployed and rural poor.
Francis Townsend
American physician and social reformer whose plan for a government-sponsored old-age pension was a precursor of the Social Security Act of 1935.
How did the New Deal change the relationship between the American People and their government?
Americans drifted from individual responsibility and they expected help from the government. This imitated the concept of social welfare programs.
What arguments might be used to support the WPA and what argument can be used to criticize the WPA?
Arguments used to support the WPA would be that it is employed 8.5 million Americans. As well as a fund the efforts of artist, writers, composers, and actors. They also built roads, subways, airports, and zoos. Some arguments that could be used to criticize the WPA would be that it costed $11 billion.
Huey Long
As senator in 1932 of Washington preached his "Share Our Wealth" programs. It was a 100% tax on all annual incomes over $1 million and appropriation of all fortunes in excess of $5 million. With this money Long proposed to give every American family a comfortable income, etc
Where did Roosevelt meet his wife?
At Harvard, where he was educated
March 6th 1933
Bank holiday beginning
What did the REA do?
Brought electricity to rural areas
First 100 Days
Called a special session of congress and sent bill after bill. Congress gave free reign and passed 15 major acts in the first 100 days
CCC
Civilian Conservation Corps
Name some famous movies, actors, radio shows, and sports heroes from the 1930s.
Comedian Charlie Chaplin, King Kong, Ginger Rogers, and Fred Astaire.
CIO
Congress of Industrial Organizations. proposed by John L. Lewis in 1932. a federation of unions that organized workers in industrial unions in the United States and Canada from 1935 to 1955.
Where was Coughlin from?
Detroit
Brain Trust
Economic experts who helped FDR develop his New Deal Plan
Who is Roosevelt's wife?
Eleanor (Anna) Roosevelt
How did Eleanor Roosevelt change the view of First Lady?
Eleanor Roosevelt was involved in helping social issues. She was the first First Lady to be involved in the president's work.
Lame duck
Election Day-Inauguration Day, nothing happens between those dates
What did the Fair Labor Standards Act do?
Established a minimum wage and ended child labor
How did the New Deal come to an end?
*Roosevelt lost support* & there was an *economic down turn.* The court packing incident influenced the end of the New Deal -the loss of the court packing bill Roosevelt began to get more opposition to his New Deal programs in Congress.
What was the result of the court-packing plan?
FDR lost all support from the citizens
Forgotten Man Speech
FDR promised to uphold the rights of the working-class "forgotten man", made him very popular
Election of 1932
FDR wins
New Deal
FDR's progras that were passed by congress in an effort to end the Great Depression and reform the nation's economy.
"The only thing we have to fear is fear itself"
Famous inauguration speech quote
FSA
Farm Security Administration
"Radio Priest"
Father Charles Coughlin
What are the four beliefs of the American Liberty League and Conservatives?
Favored lower taxes and lower debt Federal government was spending too much President was gaining to much power Accused new deal of leading into socialism
FDIC
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
FERA
Federal Emergency Relief Administration
FHA
Federal Housing Administration
Frances Perkins
First women to a cabinet post (secretary of labor)
Who won the election of 1936?
Franklin D. Roosevelt
FDR
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
deficit spending
Government practice of spending more than it takes in from taxes
Why did FDR do "fireside chats"?
He did them because he was an effective communicator and wanted people to know what was going on in the country.
Why did Charles Coughlin lose popularity?
He endorsed Adolf Hitler
Why was FDR elected in 1932?
He promised relief for the poor, more public works programs, government funded building projects, that would provide jobs. He also talked about lowering tariffs. President Roosevelt put up a good campaign and he also attacked Hoover. A personal characteristic that stood out out was his personality. He was cheerful, happy, and positive.
How did Father Charles Coughlin get his message across
He talked on the radio
John L. Lewis
He was a miner known for creating the United Mine Workers. He helped found the CIO and was responsible for the Fair Labor Standards Act.
What happened to Huey Long
He was assassinated
Why was Roosevelt paralyzed?
He was paralyzed due to having polio, from the waist down.
What was Franklin like?
He was very cheerful, optimistic, confident, and approachable.
What did the CCC do?
Hired unemployed young men to work on public service projects
Who was Franklin D. Roosevelt's eyes and ears?
His wife, Eleanor
HOLC
Home Owners Loan Corporation
"King Fish"
Huey Long
"Every man a king"
Huey Long's song that reflected his beliefs
Why was the rural electrification act important for farmers
It was important to farmers because this caused people to loan money to farm cooperatives. Other groups also tried to bring electricity to people living in rule areas.
Where was Huey Long from?
Louisiana
Roosevelt's Mistress
Lucy Mercer Rutherfurd
How did artists and writers of the era tell the story of the Great Depression?
Many artists and writers talked about the living conditions during the great depression. Dorthea Lange talked about the living conditions of the poorest of the poor. Walker Evans depicted the lives of sharecroppers in the lower south.
Why did people regard FDR's court packing plan scheme as a threat to constitutional principle of separation of powers?
Many people saw this is a chance for FDR to pack the Supreme Court with friendly justices, which was a dangerous attempt to break the constitutional balance of power.
Why did Americans in the 1930s like movies that showed luxurious life styles?
Many people went to the movies in an attempt to escape from their own problems
NIRA/NRA
National Industrial Recovery Act/National Recovery Administration
NLRA (Wagner Act)
National Labor Relations Act
How did the New Deal discriminate against African Americans?
New deal programs left largely unchallenged the discrimination that African-Americans faced in the larger society. In addition thousands of African-American sharecroppers and tenant farmers suffered terribly. Many never saw a real benefit from any new deal program.
Did the new deal bring an end to the depression? What did?
No, World War II did
Did Roosevelt have any sibilings?
No, he was an only child
What was the purpose for the NRA?
Overproduction, factory closings, and low wages
What did the AAA do?
Paid farmers not to raise crops and livestock in order to increase farm prices
What did the WPA do?
Paid people to work on public works projects
Court Packing Plan
President FDR's failed 1937 attempt to increase the number of US Supreme Court Justices from 9 to 15 in order to save his 2nd New Deal programs from constitutional challenges
What did the NLRA do?
Protected workers' rights to join labor unions without fear of punishment. It also legalized collective bargaining and strikes.
PWA
Public Works Administration
Fireside Chats
Radio speeches to the nation, brought president Roosevelt into every living room in the nation.
Three major goals of the New Deal
Relief, Recovery, Reform
21st Amendment
Repealed Prohibition (1933), Alcoholic beverages can be sold and manufactured
What 2 conditions are needed to be able to review money from the Townsend plan?
Retire at age 60 Spend money within a month
What impact did the new deal have on the role of the federal government?
Roosevelt believe that the government could help businesses and individuals achieve a greater level of economic security. The new role for government meant a much bigger government.
REA
Rural Electrification Administration
What New Deal program was influenced by the Townsend Plan?
SSA, social security act
What was Roosevelt's mother's name?
Sara Ann Delano Roosevelt
FDR's first New Deal action
Saving the banks
SEC
Securities Exchange Commission
SSA
Social Security Administration/ Social Security Act
How was social security funded?
Social Security was founded by excluding certain workers from the new program. They did this to avoid huge taxes that could alter the economy again.
Where did the money come from to provide for the old age pensions
Taxes
Who was Franklin Roosevelt related too?
Teddy Roosevelt (5th cousins)
TVA
Tennessee Valley Authority
Before he became president in 1932, FDR was
The Governor of New York
Alphabet Soup
The New Deal programs that were called by their initials
What was the first Fireside chat about ?
The banking crisis
Why was the "Black Cabinet" important to FDR's administration?
The black cabinet acted as unofficial advisers to the president. They said as a powerful symbol of rising African-American influence in government.
What coin is Roosevelt on?
The dime
FDR philosophy
The federal government has a responsibility to help citizens Deficit spending was considered Many government funded public works and projects were created to lower unemployment To restore hope
Why was the new deal over, in reality, by 1939?
The new deal was over in reality by 1939 because of Roosevelt court packing plan. The court packing plan caused Roosevelt to lose lots of supporters. Causing lots of people to lose hope in the new deal.
In what ways was the new deal a success? A failure?
The new deal was successful in bringing relief programs but was less successful in delivering economic recovery.
Townsend criticized the New Dewl for not doing enough for who?
The older citizens
How did congress and president attempt to save the banking system in 1933?
They issued a bank holiday and the Emergency Banking Act was pushed through.
What was the purpose for the CCC?
To fix the unemployment rates
What was the purpose for TVA?
To fix unemployment rates and the underdevelopment of south
What was the purpose for the SSA?
To help decrease the amount of senior citizens suffering from poverty
What was the purpose for the AAA
To help fix farming overproduction and low demand
What was the purpose for the WPA?
To help fix unemployment
What was the purpose for PWA?
To help fix unemployment rates
What was the purpose for FERA?
To help fix unemployment rates and the lack of money
What was the purpose for FHA?
To help with "Hoovervilles"
What was the purpose for HOLC?
To help with foreclosure and losing your home or farm
What was the purpose for the REA?
To help with getting electricity in rural areas
What was the purpose of the NLRA?
To help with labor disputes
What was the purpose for the Fair Labor Standards Act?
To help with labor disputes, low wages, and long hours
what was the purpose for the FDIC?
To help with protecting savings in banks
What was the purpose for FSA?
To help with the effects of the dust bowl
What was the purpose for SEC?
To help with the stock market crash
What would the new deal attempt to address?
Unemployed Homeless Banks Stock market Those in Debt Farm crisis Industrial recovery
20th Amendment
Was ratified in 1933, changed Inauguration Day to January 20th (was March 4th)
WPA
Works Progress Administration
Did the reporters help Roosevelt keep his secret of being paralyzed?
Yes
Was Roosevelt related to his wife?
Yes
minimum wage
a minimum price that an employer can pay a worker for an hour of labor
Relief
aid for the needy; welfare( was successful)
What did the HOLC do?
allowed people to refinance their homes to prevent foreclosures
What did Coughlin want to nationalize?
banks
Social Secuirty
benefits retirees, disabled, and survivors with the benefits being based on salary w/ a guaranteed floor (but the more you make the better the benefits)
What did the TVA do?
bought, built, and operated flood-control dams that generated electricity
Bank Holiday
closed all banks until gov. examiners could investigate their financial condition. Closing all banks for 8 days.
What did the PWA do?
created jobs in the construction of public building and roads
What did the FERA do?
distributed $500 million to state and local governments to provide money, food, and clothes to needy Americans
What did the FSA do?
gave aid to tenant farmers and sharecroppers
What did the FHA do?
gave low interest loans to first time house buyers
Emergency Banking Relief Act
gave the President power over the banking system and set up a system by which banks would be reorganized or reopened
What did the NRA do?
it set prices of many products and established standards
sit-down strike
method of boycotting work by sitting down at work and refusing to leave the establishment
What did the SSA do?
old-age pensions for workers; a joint federal-state system for unemployed workers; and a program of payments to widowed mothers, and the disabled, blind, and deaf. This was the first time that the American federal government had assumed responsibility for the well being of its citizens.
public works
projects such as highways, parks, and libraries built with public funds for public use
What did the FDIC do?
protected the money that people deposited in banks by ensuring deposits up to $2500, and later up to $5000
What did the SEC do?
regulated the stock market
What was the Townsend Plan?
stimulate economy by giving every American over sixty $200 month
incumbent
the current officeholder
Reform
to change for the better (was partially successful)
