Physics: Unit 5
charge of a proton
+1.6602×10−19 C
The law of conservation of charge states that the net charge of any set of atoms in a closed system will always be
0
charge of a neutron
0
You rub two balloons on your head. the two balloons now repulse each other with an electrical force of 0.0435 N at a distance of 0.34 m. Both balloons received the same negative charge. You pull the balloons apart until they are at a distance of 0.68 m, or twice as much as they were before. What electrical force do they exert on each other now?
0.011229 N
Five amps of current flowing through a circuit each second means the number of coulombs of charge passing a particular point in the circuit in one second would be
5
The inventor of the electroscope was
Abraham Bennet
The kc represents
Coulomb's constant of 8.99 • 109 N • m2/C2
___ is usually a good insulator
Dry wood
___ is a process in which an object with a charge comes near another object that lacks a charge and proceeds to make the second object take the charge
Induction
A closed jar with an interior and exterior metal foil lining, a stopper, and a collector is a
Leyden jar
Coulomb
SI unit of electrical force
Charge that builds on an object's outside and is at rest is called
Static electricity
Using the formula V=PEe≤ctricq, determine the electric potential if 52.6 joules of potential energy are present at a point in an electrical system that has a charge of 7.6 • 10-6 C.
V=6.92×106 volts
A(n) _____ generator collects charges on a charge-carrying belt, transfers the charges onto a large metal sphere, and discharges the charges, thereby releasing up to 5,000,000 volts of electricity or more
Van de Graaff
A museum placard states about a generator's operation: "1) Two insulated disks rotate in opposite directions, 2) brushes gather the charges, and 3) the plates begin rotating after a crank is turned." The placard discussed a(n) _____ generator
Wimshurst
static electricity
a buildup of electric charges that remains at rest
battery
a collection of chemical cells that produces electricity
electroscope
a device for detecting the presence and sign of charges by means of electrostatic attraction and repulsion
capacitor
a device that accumulates and holds an electrical charge
law of conservation of charge
a law that states that the net charge in a closed system will always be zero
generator
a machine that creates electricity by mechanical means and utilizing the process of induction
insulator
a material of such low conductivity that the flow of current through it is near zero; insulating material, often glass or porcelain, in a unit form designed to support a charged conductor and electrically isolate it
resistance
a property of a conductor that opposes the passage of current through it; usually measured in ohms, it is equal to the voltage divided by the current
counterbalance
a weight balancing another weight; an equal weight or power acting in opposition
The amount of current carried past a particular point by one coulomb of charge in one second in a circuit is a(0)
ampere
ion
an atom that has lost or gained an electron, and thereby, gained an electrical charge
electric field
an aura or electrical energy cloud that surrounds each electrical charge
Define electric field
an aura, or electrical energy cloud, that surrounds each charge
magnetometer
an instrument that measures a magnetic field's intensity or that detects the presence of ferrous or magnetic fields
All matter is composed of
atoms
The charges of an electron and a proton make them _____ each other
attract
A(n) _____ creates electricity via chemical means
battery
A _____ is a device that accumulates and stores electrical charges
capacitor
The q1 represents
charge on object 1
The q2 represents
charge on object 2
In a static electricity generator, _____ are transferred by _____
charges induction
If electrons move easily through a substance, then that substance is termed a(n)
conductor
An object may be charged by another object through direct _____ with the second object
contact
Quantity of charge transferred across a conductor in which a constant current of one ampere exists
coulomb
The rate at which charges are caused to move through a conductor is the definition of a(n)
current
The basic construction of a capacitor is two metal plates kept apart by an insulator called a _____
dielectric
A negatively charged object touches another object, changing its charge through
direct contact
The r represent
distance between the charges
Define lines of force
drawings that represent the vectors that are the paths of attraction and repulsion between two particles in an electric field
lines of force
drawings that represent the vectors that are the paths of attraction and repulsion between two particles in an electric field
The Felectric represents
electric force
resistors
electrical components that are used to control the current within a device
A conductor readily accepts _____ into its electron sea
electrons
An insulator does not readily accept
electrons
You may determine the charge of a(n) object by the use of a(n)
electroscope
You may determine the polarity of a an object by the use of a(n)
electroscope
If electricity does not flow between two charges, it is because the electric potential of the two charges are
equal
The net charge of an ion is zero
false
The potential difference between two points in an electrical system has nothing to do with with the flow of electricity
false
Capacitors are rated in ____, the SI unit that is a measurement of the ability to store charge
farads
Charge A possesses a higher charge than charge C. As a result electricity will flow
from A to C
Induction and mechanical means are the tools a(n) _____ uses to create electricity
generator
When a charge rod charges an electroscope without touching it, it is due to
induction
Two processes that maybe used to create a response in an electroscope are
induction contact
A substance through which electrons don't readily move is called a(n)
insulator
Charles-Augustin de Coulomb showed an important principle of electric charges when he showed that electric charges are subject to the _____ law
inverse-square
Electrical Potential Energy (E.P.E)
joule
Without fail charges always take the path of
least resistance
All _____ are conductors
metals
You bring a positively charged rod near a neutral object. The object's electrons
move towards the rod
The gravitational force between two charged objects is _____ than the electrical force between them
much less
The electrical force between two charged objects is _____ than the gravitational force between them
much more
proximity
nearness in place, time, order, occurrence, or relation
You rub a lump of amber against your palm. The amber becomes _____, while the skin on your hand becomes _____.
negative positive
You rubbed a brass rod with a glass bottle, now the brass rod is
negatively charged
An object's state of negativity or positivity in an electric, magnetic, or other field is its
polarity
The two metal plates in a capacitor store charges of opposite
polarity
An object may have _____ that protects it from electrical force but not gravitational force
shielding
An insulator in a capacitor may be composed of air or be
solid
You touch an electroscope after dragging your feet along carpet, The excess electrons move to the foil leaves, which
spread farther apart
farad
the SI unit of capacitance
induction
the act of bringing about, inducing, or causing
Define electric potential
the amount of electric potential energy that exists for a charge at any point in an electrical system; the electric potential energy divided by the charge at that point
electric potential
the amount of electric potential energy that exists for a charge at any point in an electrical system; the electric potential energy divided by the charge at that point
Define electric potential energy
the amount of energy that acts on a charge at a particular point in an electric field
electrical potential energy (E.P.E.)
the amount of energy that acts on a charge at a particular point in an electric field
Define potential difference
the difference between the electric potential of any two charges in an electrical system; expressed in volts, it is responsible for the flow of electricity in a system
potential difference
the difference between the electric potential of any two charges in an electrical system; expressed in volts, it is responsible for the flow of electricity in a system
polarity
the positive or negative state in which a body reacts to an electric, magnetic, or other field
shielding
the protection of an object from a force field by insulating material
current
the rate at which charges are caused to move through a conductor; measured in amperes
In 1909, two scientists used the letter ee to represents
the strength of the electric charge of one particle
voltage
the total amount of differences in electric potential between two points or the difference in electric potential energy per unit charge between two points; measured in volts
conspire
to act or work together toward the same result or goal
Electric force is a vector quantity
true
If one area of an electric field is stronger, the lines of force will be shown closer together, whereas if one area of an electric field is weaker, the lines of force will be farther apart
true
If two ions in a closed system exchange electrons, the net charge is zero
true
Robert Millikan and Harvey Fletcher were the first scientists to experimentally determine the strength of an electron's charge
true
The entire universe consists of charges
true
Two particles in an electric field are quite close together; as a result, the lines of force are completely straight
true
You can shield an object from a and electric field but not from a gravitational field
true
electric potential
volt
A lemon has a positive electrical charge of 2.3•10-6 Coulombs is placed 15.1 cm away from a red potato that has a negative electrical charge of 0.01•10-6 Coulombs. What is the electrical force between the two?
−0.008 N
charge of an electron
−1.6602×10−19 C
You rub two balloons on your head. the two balloons now repulse each other with an electrical force of 0.0435 N at a distance of 0.34 m. If both balloons received the same negative charge, what was the charge imparted on each balloon?
−7.6×10−7 C