Physics: Unit 5

charge of a proton

+1.6602×10−19 C

The law of conservation of charge states that the net charge of any set of atoms in a closed system will always be

0

charge of a neutron

0

You rub two balloons on your head. the two balloons now repulse each other with an electrical force of 0.0435 N at a distance of 0.34 m. Both balloons received the same negative charge. You pull the balloons apart until they are at a distance of 0.68 m, or twice as much as they were before. What electrical force do they exert on each other now?

0.011229 N

Five amps of current flowing through a circuit each second means the number of coulombs of charge passing a particular point in the circuit in one second would be

5

The inventor of the electroscope was

Abraham Bennet

The kc represents

Coulomb's constant of 8.99 • 109 N • m2/C2

___ is usually a good insulator

Dry wood

___ is a process in which an object with a charge comes near another object that lacks a charge and proceeds to make the second object take the charge

Induction

A closed jar with an interior and exterior metal foil lining, a stopper, and a collector is a

Leyden jar

Coulomb

SI unit of electrical force

Charge that builds on an object's outside and is at rest is called

Static electricity

Using the formula V=PEe≤ctricq, determine the electric potential if 52.6 joules of potential energy are present at a point in an electrical system that has a charge of 7.6 • 10-6 C.

V=6.92×106 volts

A(n) _____ generator collects charges on a charge-carrying belt, transfers the charges onto a large metal sphere, and discharges the charges, thereby releasing up to 5,000,000 volts of electricity or more

Van de Graaff

A museum placard states about a generator's operation: "1) Two insulated disks rotate in opposite directions, 2) brushes gather the charges, and 3) the plates begin rotating after a crank is turned." The placard discussed a(n) _____ generator

Wimshurst

static electricity

a buildup of electric charges that remains at rest

battery

a collection of chemical cells that produces electricity

electroscope

a device for detecting the presence and sign of charges by means of electrostatic attraction and repulsion

capacitor

a device that accumulates and holds an electrical charge

law of conservation of charge

a law that states that the net charge in a closed system will always be zero

generator

a machine that creates electricity by mechanical means and utilizing the process of induction

insulator

a material of such low conductivity that the flow of current through it is near zero; insulating material, often glass or porcelain, in a unit form designed to support a charged conductor and electrically isolate it

resistance

a property of a conductor that opposes the passage of current through it; usually measured in ohms, it is equal to the voltage divided by the current

counterbalance

a weight balancing another weight; an equal weight or power acting in opposition

The amount of current carried past a particular point by one coulomb of charge in one second in a circuit is a(0)

ampere

ion

an atom that has lost or gained an electron, and thereby, gained an electrical charge

electric field

an aura or electrical energy cloud that surrounds each electrical charge

Define electric field

an aura, or electrical energy cloud, that surrounds each charge

magnetometer

an instrument that measures a magnetic field's intensity or that detects the presence of ferrous or magnetic fields

All matter is composed of

atoms

The charges of an electron and a proton make them _____ each other

attract

A(n) _____ creates electricity via chemical means

battery

A _____ is a device that accumulates and stores electrical charges

capacitor

The q1 represents

charge on object 1

The q2 represents

charge on object 2

In a static electricity generator, _____ are transferred by _____

charges induction

If electrons move easily through a substance, then that substance is termed a(n)

conductor

An object may be charged by another object through direct _____ with the second object

contact

Quantity of charge transferred across a conductor in which a constant current of one ampere exists

coulomb

The rate at which charges are caused to move through a conductor is the definition of a(n)

current

The basic construction of a capacitor is two metal plates kept apart by an insulator called a _____

dielectric

A negatively charged object touches another object, changing its charge through

direct contact

The r represent

distance between the charges

Define lines of force

drawings that represent the vectors that are the paths of attraction and repulsion between two particles in an electric field

lines of force

drawings that represent the vectors that are the paths of attraction and repulsion between two particles in an electric field

The Felectric represents

electric force

resistors

electrical components that are used to control the current within a device

A conductor readily accepts _____ into its electron sea

electrons

An insulator does not readily accept

electrons

You may determine the charge of a(n) object by the use of a(n)

electroscope

You may determine the polarity of a an object by the use of a(n)

electroscope

If electricity does not flow between two charges, it is because the electric potential of the two charges are

equal

The net charge of an ion is zero

false

The potential difference between two points in an electrical system has nothing to do with with the flow of electricity

false

Capacitors are rated in ____, the SI unit that is a measurement of the ability to store charge

farads

Charge A possesses a higher charge than charge C. As a result electricity will flow

from A to C

Induction and mechanical means are the tools a(n) _____ uses to create electricity

generator

When a charge rod charges an electroscope without touching it, it is due to

induction

Two processes that maybe used to create a response in an electroscope are

induction contact

A substance through which electrons don't readily move is called a(n)

insulator

Charles-Augustin de Coulomb showed an important principle of electric charges when he showed that electric charges are subject to the _____ law

inverse-square

Electrical Potential Energy (E.P.E)

joule

Without fail charges always take the path of

least resistance

All _____ are conductors

metals

You bring a positively charged rod near a neutral object. The object's electrons

move towards the rod

The gravitational force between two charged objects is _____ than the electrical force between them

much less

The electrical force between two charged objects is _____ than the gravitational force between them

much more

proximity

nearness in place, time, order, occurrence, or relation

You rub a lump of amber against your palm. The amber becomes _____, while the skin on your hand becomes _____.

negative positive

You rubbed a brass rod with a glass bottle, now the brass rod is

negatively charged

An object's state of negativity or positivity in an electric, magnetic, or other field is its

polarity

The two metal plates in a capacitor store charges of opposite

polarity

An object may have _____ that protects it from electrical force but not gravitational force

shielding

An insulator in a capacitor may be composed of air or be

solid

You touch an electroscope after dragging your feet along carpet, The excess electrons move to the foil leaves, which

spread farther apart

farad

the SI unit of capacitance

induction

the act of bringing about, inducing, or causing

Define electric potential

the amount of electric potential energy that exists for a charge at any point in an electrical system; the electric potential energy divided by the charge at that point

electric potential

the amount of electric potential energy that exists for a charge at any point in an electrical system; the electric potential energy divided by the charge at that point

Define electric potential energy

the amount of energy that acts on a charge at a particular point in an electric field

electrical potential energy (E.P.E.)

the amount of energy that acts on a charge at a particular point in an electric field

Define potential difference

the difference between the electric potential of any two charges in an electrical system; expressed in volts, it is responsible for the flow of electricity in a system

potential difference

the difference between the electric potential of any two charges in an electrical system; expressed in volts, it is responsible for the flow of electricity in a system

polarity

the positive or negative state in which a body reacts to an electric, magnetic, or other field

shielding

the protection of an object from a force field by insulating material

current

the rate at which charges are caused to move through a conductor; measured in amperes

In 1909, two scientists used the letter ee to represents

the strength of the electric charge of one particle

voltage

the total amount of differences in electric potential between two points or the difference in electric potential energy per unit charge between two points; measured in volts

conspire

to act or work together toward the same result or goal

Electric force is a vector quantity

true

If one area of an electric field is stronger, the lines of force will be shown closer together, whereas if one area of an electric field is weaker, the lines of force will be farther apart

true

If two ions in a closed system exchange electrons, the net charge is zero

true

Robert Millikan and Harvey Fletcher were the first scientists to experimentally determine the strength of an electron's charge

true

The entire universe consists of charges

true

Two particles in an electric field are quite close together; as a result, the lines of force are completely straight

true

You can shield an object from a and electric field but not from a gravitational field

true

electric potential

volt

A lemon has a positive electrical charge of 2.3•10-6 Coulombs is placed 15.1 cm away from a red potato that has a negative electrical charge of 0.01•10-6 Coulombs. What is the electrical force between the two?

−0.008 N

charge of an electron

−1.6602×10−19 C

You rub two balloons on your head. the two balloons now repulse each other with an electrical force of 0.0435 N at a distance of 0.34 m. If both balloons received the same negative charge, what was the charge imparted on each balloon?

−7.6×10−7 C