Chapter 12 Test

Griffith called the precess he observed transformation because A) the mouse had been transformed B) the harmful bacteria had been transformed C) the harmless bacteria had been transformed D) the experiment had been transformed

C) the harmless bacteria had been transformed

Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA? a. adenine + phosphate group + thymine b. cytosine + phosphate group + guanine c. deoxyribose + phosphate group + polymerase d. deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine

d. deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine

What structural problem prevents adenine from pairing with guanine? a. the bases are both short b. they lack phosphate groups c. they lack the deoxyribose group d. the bases are both long

d. the bases are both long

What did Rosalind Franklin contribute to the effort to identify the structure of DNA? a. models made of cardboard and wire showing the shape of DNA b. the ratios of the two sets of nucleotide pairs in DNA c. radioactive evidence that DNA carried the genetic code d. x-ray diffraction photos of the DNA molecule

d. x-ray diffraction photos of the DNA molecule

What did Avery conclude caused transformation? A) DNA was the transforming factor B) A protein was the transforming factor C) A carbohydrate was the transforming factor D) A lipid was the transforming factor

A) DNA was the transforming factor

Which bacteria killed the mice in Griffith's transformation experiment? A) live, harmless bacteria and heat-killed, harmful bacteria B) live, harmless bacteria and heat-killed, harmless bacteria C) live harmful bacteria and heat-killed, harmless bacteria D) live harmless bacteria, and live, harmful bacteria

A) live, harmless bacteria and heat-killed, harmful bacteria

adenine equal to thymine cytosine equal to guanine

A=T C=G

Why did Hershey and Chase label the viral DNA with radioactive phosphorous and not radioactive sulfur? a. DNA contains phosphorus and no sulfur b. Proteins contain phosphorus and no sulfur c. DNA contains sulfur and little phosphorous d. Proteins acids contain sulfur and little phosphorous

a. DNA contains phosphorus and no sulfur

Which scientist made x-ray diffraction photos of DNA? a. Franklin b. Chargaff c. Watson d. Avery

a. Franklin

Figure 12-2 shows the structure of a. a DNA molecule b. a amino acid c. a RNA molecule d. a protein

a. a DNA molecule

In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, DNA replication happens a. before cell division b. in the nucleus c. only to the telomeres d. around the histones

a. before cell division

In eukaryotes, DNA a. is located in the nucleus b. floats freely in the cytoplasm c. is located in the ribosomes d. is circular

a. is located in the nucleus

DNA makes a good molecule for storing information because a. its bases can be joined together in any order, like the letters of the alphabet can be strung to form different words b. each nucleotide within a DNA strand can give a cell different information, and there are many nucleotides in every cell c. it can absorb ultraviolet light, so DNA can help protect cells from the damaging effects of this form of radiation d. it is a type of nucleic acid, and most acids are an important part of information storage within the cells

a. its bases can be joined together in any order, like the letters of the alphabet can be strung to form different words

Rosalind Franklin contributed to the understanding of DNA by a. producing images of DNA molecules using X-rays b. figuring out that DNA strands form a double helix c. conducting experiments that showed which nucleotides are complementary d. finding that DNA was nucleic acid made up of a long chain of individual nucleotides

a. producing images of DNA molecules using X-rays

Griffith's experiments advanced the study of genetic by proving that a. there is a chemical that contains genetic information that can be passed from one organism to another b. bacteria can make people sick by infecting them with a chemical that contains genetic information c. the bacteria that can make mice sick are the same bacteria that can be grown in culture d. genetic information can be passed from parents to their offspring during sexual reproduction

a. there is a chemical that contains genetic information that can be passed from one organism to another

In the Hershy-Chase experiment, what happened to the bacteria that had been infected by viruses that had radioactive DNA, and to the bacteria that had been infected with viruses that had been marked with radioactive proteins? a.The bacteria infected with viruses that had radioactive DNA had become radioactive. The bacteria that had been infected with viruses marked with radioactive proteins were not radioactive.

a.The bacteria infected with viruses that had radioactive DNA had become radioactive. The bacteria that had been infected with viruses marked with radioactive proteins were not radioactive.

In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, how many copies of the chromosome are left after replication. a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

b. 2

Which part of the bacteriophage contains genetic material?

b. B the DNA

The property of DNA does bacterial transformation illustrate? a. Bacterial DNA cannot move into other bacteria and function b. Bacterial DNA can move into another bacteria and function c. Bacterial DNA uses for nucleotides bases that work in pairs d. Bacterial DNA is found in a circular chromosome

b. Bacterial DNA can move into another bacteria and function

During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases GTAGGT produces a strand with the bases

b. CATCCA

In what way is DNA like a book? a. DNA had information organized with a kind of index b. DNA has stored information, that can be copied and passed on c. DNA has information wrapped in an identifying cover d. DNA has information that is periodically updated

b. DNA has stored information, that can be copied and passed on

Which of the following forms a base pair with thymine? a. deoxyribose b. adenine c. guanine d. cytosine

b. adenine

What is inside a bacteriophage? a. protein b. nucleic acid c. lipid d. carbohydrate

b. nucleic acid

WHat binds to the prokaryotic chromosome to start DNA replication? a. replication forks b. regulatory proteins c. chromatids d. telomeres

b. regulatory proteins

Which of the following bes describes Rosalind Franklin's contribution to out understanding of the structure of DNA? a. she created many models of DNA based on what was known abut its properties, and eventually figured out that the structure of DNA is a double helix b. she purified large amounts of DNA, stretched the fibers so the strands were parallel, and used and X-ray beam to produce an image of the molecule c. she isolated DNA from many different organisms, and discovered that in every sample, the amount of guanine was almost exactly equal to cytosine d. she used radioactive phosphorous and sulfur to produce radioactive viruses, then allowed these viruses to infect bacteria. She found that DNA was the transforming material

b. she purified large amounts of DNA, stretched the fibers so the strands were parallel, and used and X-ray beam to produce an image of the molecule

What would have happened if Avery had added an enzyme that digested all the nucleic acids to the mixture of heat-killed bacteria, added the mixture to harmless bacteria, and injected the mixture into mice? a. the harmless bacteria would have been transformed, and the mice would had died b. the harmless bacteria would not have been transformed, and the mice would have lived c. he harmless bacteria would not have been transformed, and the mice would have died d. the harmless bacteria would have been transformed, and the mice would have lived

b. the harmless bacteria would not have been transformed, and the mice would have lived

What happened when Griffith injected mice with the harmless, R-strain bacteria alone? a. the bacteria transformed b. the mouse lived c. the mouse died d. the bacteria died

b. the mouse lived

Because of base pairing in DNA, the percentage of a. adenine molecules in DNA is about equal to the percentage of guanine molecules b. thymine molecules in DNA is about equal to the percentage of adenine molecules c. adenine molecules in DNA is much greater than the percentage of thymine molecules d. cytosine molecules in DNA is much greater than the percentage of molecules

b. thymine molecules in DNA is about equal to the percentage of adenine molecules

Which of the following statements correctly describes Chargaff's contribution to the study of DNA? a. Chargaff hypothesized that DNA was a double helix, but he did not produce the image that proved this fact b. Chargaff's experiments conclusively proved that DNA was made of nucleotides, but he could not show that there are four types of nitrogen bases c. Chargaff showed that adenine and thymine were found in qual percentages in DNA, but he did not know this was because of base-pairing d. Chargaff's work proved that DNA could be made using radioactive nucleotide, but he did not show that DNA could be transferred from one organism to another

c. Chargaff showed that adenine and thymine were found in qual percentages in DNA, but he did not know this was because of base-pairing

What adds base pairs to the strands?

c. DNA polymerase

What is the chronological order of the important discoveries in the structure of DNA?

c. chargaff's ratios of nucleotides --> franklin makes an X-ray diffraction photo of DNA --> Watson and Crick identify the double helix

Which of the following include all the others? a. DNA molecules d. histones c. chromosomes d. nucleosomes

c. chromosomes

DNA replication results in two DNA molecules, a. each with two new strands b. one with two new strands and the other with two original strands c. each with one new strand and one original strand d. each with two original strands

c. each with one new strand and one original strand

What happens when a piece of DNA is missing? a. genetic information is stored b. genetic information is copied c. genetic information is lost d. genetic information is transmitted

c. genetic information is lost

Watson and Crick discovered the two strands in DNA a. run in perpendicular directions b. run in the same direction c. run in opposite directions d. run in random directions

c. run in opposite directions

In which cells is the accurate transmission of information important? a. nerve cells b. skin cells c. sex cells d. bone cells

c. sex cells

What enzyme works to add DNA to ends of chromosomes in rapidly dividing cells such as those found in an embryo, to prevent genes from being lost during replication? a. DNA polymerase b. histones c. telomerase d. chromatin

c. telomerase

Which would be greater in a eukaryote than in a prokaryote? a. the percentage of guanine nucleotides b. the total number of base pairs in a chromosome c. the number of replication forks on a strand of DNA d. the total amount of DNA in a cell

c. the number of replication forks on a strand of DNA

Which scientist(s) figured out that the shape of a DNA molecule is a double helix? q. hershey and chase b. griffith c. watson and crick d. franklin

c. watson and crick

What stores information in a cell? a. proteins b. carbohydrates c. lipids d. DNA

d. DNA

What do bacteriophages infect? a. mice b. humans c. viruses d. bacteria

d. bacteria