IXL 1

independent clause

a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence

clause

a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.

sentence fragment

a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.

sentence

a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.

simple sentence

a sentence with only one subject and predicate.

pronoun

a word that takes the place of a noun or nouns.

object pronoun

after an action verb. You can also use an object pronoun after a preposition (like at, for, of, on, to, or with). These consist of me, you, him, her, it, us, and them.

helping verb

am are is was were has have had do does did can could may might will would shall should must

modal verbs

are helping verbs that express certain conditions. Some examples of them are can, could, may, might, must, should, will, and would.

subject pronoun

as the subject of a sentence or clause. It tells who is doing something, and it is usually at the beginning of the sentence. These consist of I, you, he, she, it, we, and they.

interrogative

asks a questions and always ends with a question mark.

progressive tense

describes ongoing actions. It tells about something that is, was, or will be happening.

exclamatory

exclaims, shows strong feeling, and always ends with an exclamation mark

complete predicate

explains what someone is doing

complete subject

explains who is doing something

coordinating conjunctions

for and nor but or yet so

relative pronoun

introduces a dependent or relative clause that describes a noun or pronoun. These consist of who, whom, whose, which, and that.

imperative

is a command and can end with either a period or exclamation mark

complex sentence

is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction like after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.

dependent clause

is not a complete thought and it cannot stand alone as a sentence.

proper noun

is the specific name of a person, place, thing, or idea. It is always capitalized.

run-on sentence

made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.

common noun

names a general type of person, place, thing, or idea. It is not the name of a person, place, thing, or idea. It is not capitalized unless it is the first word of a sentence.

concrete noun

names a person, place, or thing that is a physical object. This means that you can see, hear, smell, taste, or touch it.

abstract noun

names an idea, feeling, quality, or concept. It is not a physical object. This means you can think about it, but you can't see, hear, smell, taste, or touch it.

plural subject

names more than one person or thing. When a subject is plural, use a plural verb. Plural verbs usually do not end in -s, -es, or -ies. (Taylors feel)

singular subject

names only one person or thing. When a it is singular, use a singular verb. Singular verbs end in s, es, or ies. (Taylor feels)

reflexive pronoun

pronouns that end in self or selves.

possessive noun

shows who or what owns something or has something.

possessive pronoun

take the place of possessive nouns. They show who or what owns something or has something. Those that come before a noun are my, your, his, her, its, our, their. Some that appear without a noun are mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs.

plural pronoun

takes the place of plural nouns. They Themselves

singular pronoun

takes the place of singular nouns. He she it

past perfect tense

tells about something that had happened before something else. It uses the helping verb had.

present perfect tense

tells about something that has happened or has started already. It uses the helping verb has or have.

present progressive tense

tells about something that is happening right now. It uses the helping verb is, am, or are.

past progressive tense

tells about something that was happening in the past. It uses the helping verb was or were.

future progressive tense

tells about something that will be happening in the future. It uses the helping verb will be.

future perfect tense

tells about something that will have happened by a certain point in the future. It uses the helping verb will have.

simple predicate

tells what the subject is doing. It is just the verb without any other words that tell more about it.

simple subject

tells who or what is doing something. It is just the subject noun or pronoun without any other words that tell more about it

declarative

tells you about something and always ends with a period.

singular possessive noun

to form this, add an 's (Taylor's)

plural possessive noun

to form this, just add an apostrophe (the Taylors')

compound sentence

two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.

perfect tense

usually tells about something that has, had, or will have happened. It uses a form of the helping verb to have with the past participle of a verb.