IXL 1
independent clause
a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence
clause
a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.
sentence fragment
a group of words that does not express a complete thought. It is usually missing a subject or a verb.
sentence
a group of words that forms a complete thought. It has both a subject and a verb.
simple sentence
a sentence with only one subject and predicate.
pronoun
a word that takes the place of a noun or nouns.
object pronoun
after an action verb. You can also use an object pronoun after a preposition (like at, for, of, on, to, or with). These consist of me, you, him, her, it, us, and them.
helping verb
am are is was were has have had do does did can could may might will would shall should must
modal verbs
are helping verbs that express certain conditions. Some examples of them are can, could, may, might, must, should, will, and would.
subject pronoun
as the subject of a sentence or clause. It tells who is doing something, and it is usually at the beginning of the sentence. These consist of I, you, he, she, it, we, and they.
interrogative
asks a questions and always ends with a question mark.
progressive tense
describes ongoing actions. It tells about something that is, was, or will be happening.
exclamatory
exclaims, shows strong feeling, and always ends with an exclamation mark
complete predicate
explains what someone is doing
complete subject
explains who is doing something
coordinating conjunctions
for and nor but or yet so
relative pronoun
introduces a dependent or relative clause that describes a noun or pronoun. These consist of who, whom, whose, which, and that.
imperative
is a command and can end with either a period or exclamation mark
complex sentence
is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction like after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.
dependent clause
is not a complete thought and it cannot stand alone as a sentence.
proper noun
is the specific name of a person, place, thing, or idea. It is always capitalized.
run-on sentence
made up of two sentences that are joined without end punctuation or with just a comma.
common noun
names a general type of person, place, thing, or idea. It is not the name of a person, place, thing, or idea. It is not capitalized unless it is the first word of a sentence.
concrete noun
names a person, place, or thing that is a physical object. This means that you can see, hear, smell, taste, or touch it.
abstract noun
names an idea, feeling, quality, or concept. It is not a physical object. This means you can think about it, but you can't see, hear, smell, taste, or touch it.
plural subject
names more than one person or thing. When a subject is plural, use a plural verb. Plural verbs usually do not end in -s, -es, or -ies. (Taylors feel)
singular subject
names only one person or thing. When a it is singular, use a singular verb. Singular verbs end in s, es, or ies. (Taylor feels)
reflexive pronoun
pronouns that end in self or selves.
possessive noun
shows who or what owns something or has something.
possessive pronoun
take the place of possessive nouns. They show who or what owns something or has something. Those that come before a noun are my, your, his, her, its, our, their. Some that appear without a noun are mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs.
plural pronoun
takes the place of plural nouns. They Themselves
singular pronoun
takes the place of singular nouns. He she it
past perfect tense
tells about something that had happened before something else. It uses the helping verb had.
present perfect tense
tells about something that has happened or has started already. It uses the helping verb has or have.
present progressive tense
tells about something that is happening right now. It uses the helping verb is, am, or are.
past progressive tense
tells about something that was happening in the past. It uses the helping verb was or were.
future progressive tense
tells about something that will be happening in the future. It uses the helping verb will be.
future perfect tense
tells about something that will have happened by a certain point in the future. It uses the helping verb will have.
simple predicate
tells what the subject is doing. It is just the verb without any other words that tell more about it.
simple subject
tells who or what is doing something. It is just the subject noun or pronoun without any other words that tell more about it
declarative
tells you about something and always ends with a period.
singular possessive noun
to form this, add an 's (Taylor's)
plural possessive noun
to form this, just add an apostrophe (the Taylors')
compound sentence
two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.
perfect tense
usually tells about something that has, had, or will have happened. It uses a form of the helping verb to have with the past participle of a verb.