Chapter 12. The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths

Tori, a 24-year-old graduate student, had been suffering from a respiratory infection for over a week. She went to the student health center, where the physician prescribed her a broad-spectrum antibiotic. By the end of her round of antibiotics, Tori was no longer suffering from respiratory complications, but she had noticed an increase in itchiness in her genital region. Within a few days, the itchiness was getting worse and was accompanied by a vaginal discharge that had a cheesy consistency and foul odor. Tori returned to the student health center to discuss her condition with the physician. A sample of her discharge was taken and sent to the laboratory for microscopy and plating. Based on the lab results, which organism is most likely causing Tori's new symptoms? A. Gardnerella vaginalis B. Trichomonas vaginalis C. Sporothrix schenckii D. Candida albicans

Candida albicans

The term dermatophyte is typically used for fungi that cause which of the following? A)cutaneous mycoses B. systemic mycoses C. opportunistic infections D. subcutaneous mycoses

cutaneous mycoses

The encysted larva of the beef tapeworm is called a A. redia. B. metacercaria. C. cercaria. D. cysticercus. E. proglottid.

cysticercus.

If a larva of Echinococcus granulosus is found in humans, humans are the intermediate host. definitive host. infected host. reservoir. None of the answers is correct.

intermediate host.

Which of the following infections are also caused by C. albicans? oral thrush syphilis genital warts fulminating disease

- oral thrush - fulminating disease

How do blastoconidia and chlamydoconidia produced by yeast differ from bacterial endospores? Blastoconidia and chlamydoconidia are spore structures produced by budding in yeasts, whereas bacterial endospores are produced by bacteria under extreme conditions. Blastoconidia and chlamydoconidia are produced only by yeasts in extreme conditions, whereas bacterial endospores are asexual reproductive structures. Blastoconidia and chlamydoconidia are male and female mating structures used for reproduction in yeasts, whereas bacterial endospores are asexual reproductive structures. Blastoconidida and chlamydoconidia are identical to endospores.

Blastoconidia and chlamydoconidia are spore structures produced by budding in yeasts, whereas bacterial endospores are produced by bacteria under extreme conditions

Yeast infections are caused by Aspergillus. Penicillium. Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Histoplasma. Candida albicans.

Candida albicans.

Humans are the definitive host for __________, which is a type of __________. Taenia solium; roundworm B. Echinococcus granulosus; tapeworm C. Plasmodium; cestode D. Taenia saginata; tapeworm

D. Taenia saginata; tapeworm

Which of the following statements best describes why the treatment for Tori's fungal infection may result in side effects to her own cells? Fungal cells and human host cells both have flagella for movement. Fungal cells and human host cells both have cell walls made of cellulose. Fungal cells and human cells both reproduce via budding. Fungal cells and human cells have a nucleus, multiple organelles, and 80S ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Fungal cells and human cells have a nucleus, multiple organelles, and 80S ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Which statement regarding helminths is true? A. They are always dioecious, which means that one individual has both male and female reproductive organs. B. Helminths usually possess specialized organ systems, including circulatory, nervous, and reproductive systems. C. They are unicellular. D. The life cycle of helminths is always very simple, and they usually infect only one host.

Helminths usually possess specialized organ systems, including circulatory, nervous, and reproductive systems.

Trichomonas vaginalis can be distinguished from other parasitic protozoa by which of the characteristics listed below? A. It has an undulating membrane, infects the vagina, and is frequently transmitted by sexual contact. B. It is usually found in drinking water and is associated with fecal contamination. C. It is a photosynthetic organism that lives in fresh water. D. It infects Anopheles mosquitoes and can be transmitted by a bite.

It has an undulating membrane, infects the vagina, and is frequently transmitted by sexual contact.

Which of the following best explains why Tori developed a new series of symptoms? A. The antibiotics that treated Tori's primary respiratory infection also removed some of her normal bacterial flora, resulting in an overgrowth of other organisms. B. Tori's immune system was compromised because of her respiratory infection, and this resulted in a yeast infection. C. The initial antibiotics were not successful in clearing the respiratory infection, so the organism disseminated to the genitourinary tract. D. Tori contracted a sexually transmitted infection that was not related to the primary respiratory infection.

The antibiotics that treated Tori's primary respiratory infection also removed some of her normal bacterial flora, resulting in an overgrowth of other organisms.

Which of the following statements about protozoa is true? A. When conditions become harsh, some protozoa can form a protective capsule, which is called a cyst. B. Some protozoa reproduce by schizogony, a process that is virtually identical to the budding process that happens in some yeast. C. Most protozoa are photosynthetic. D. All protozoa can undergo sexual reproduction.

When conditions become harsh, some protozoa can form a protective capsule, which is called a cyst.

How do pseudohyphae in yeasts differ from vegetative hyphae in filamentous fungi? A. Yeasts use pseudohyphae for obtaining nutrients, whereas filamentous fungi use their vegetative hyphae to invade host tissues. B. Yeasts use pseudohyphae as a means of obtaining nutrients, whereas filamentous fungi use vegetative hyphae as a means of reproduction. C. Yeasts use pseudohyphae to invade host tissue, whereas filamentous fungi use their vegetative hyphae for obtaining nutrients. D. Yeasts use pseudohyphae as a means of sexual reproduction, whereas parasitic fungi use their hyphae to invade host tissue

Yeasts use pseudohyphae to invade host tissue, whereas filamentous fungi use their vegetative hyphae for obtaining nutrients

Which of the following could Tori's physician choose as a treatment for her yeast infection? Select all that apply. - a single oral dose of fluconazole - an antiviral medication, such as acyclovir - a topical over-the-counter ointment, such as clotrimazole or miconazole - an oral narrow-spectrum antibiotic, such as penicillin G

a single oral dose of fluconazole - a topical over-the-counter ointment, such as clotrimazole or miconazole

Dinoflagellates are a type of unicellular __________. One genus of dinoflagellates is responsible for a foodborne disease called __________. A. protozoa; dysentery B. algae; paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) C. fungus; potato blight D. tapeworm; cysticercosis

algae; paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP)

Dengue fever is transmitted by which of the following? mosquitoes sucking lice mites and ticks fleas

mosquitoes