Chapter 12: The Industrial Revolution; The North; Section 2

(Francis Cabot Lowell) was a businessman from New England whose mills used a loom that could both spin thread and weave cloth in the same mill.

True

One of the strongest voices in the union movement belonged to (Sarah G. Bagley), who founded the Lowell Female Labor Reform Association.

True

The (Lowell System) included practices such as hiring young unmarried women from local farms to work in the textile mill.

True

Workers on (strike) refuse to work until their employers meet their demands.

True

Francis Cabot Lowell

a New England businessman who built a loom that could both spin thread and weave cloth in the same mill

Sarah G. Bagley

a ill worker who founded the Lowell Female Labor Reform Association

trade unions

groups of skilled workers that tried to improve member's pay and working conditions

Workers _________________________ to reform working conditions.

organized

concrete

specific, real

strikes

union workers' refusal to work until their employers met their demands

What did workers achieve in the mid-1800s?

A 10-hour work day.

Name an advantage of Lowell mill work.

Advantages of Lowell mill work include clean factories, neat boarding houses, and the ability for young women to earn money, take classes, and join clubs.

How much did children workers earn in factories?

Children usually earned in one week what an adult earned in one day's work.

Name a disadvantage of Lowell mill work.

Disadvantages of Lowell mill work include 12-14 hour days, and cotton dust that caused health problems

Why did workers' pay decrease?

Factory workers' wages decreased because people began competing for jobs. Immigrants also competed for jobs and they were often from poorer countries and were willing to work for low pay.

Mill owners advertised for "Men with growing families wanted" in support of the (Lowell system).

False; Rhode Island system

The (Lowell system) was Samuel Slater's strategy of hiring families and dividing factory work into simple tasks.

False; Rhode Island system

Sometimes union members staged protests called (trade unions).

False; strikes

Groups that tried to improve pay and working conditions for their members were called (strikes).

False; trade unions

The _________________________________________________ revolutionized the textile industry in the Northeast.

Lowell System

Lowell System

Lowell's practice of hiring young unmarried women to work in mills

The spread of mills in the _________________________ changed workers' lives.

Northeast

Rhode Island System

Samuel Slater's strategy of hiring families and dividing factory work into simple tasks