Chapter 13
Luther's ideas about Roman exploitation of Germany
Appealed to the national sentiment of German princes
The Calvinist doctrine of predestination led to a
Confidence among the Calvinists in their own salvation
What is the name given to French Protestants?
Huguenots
How did Luther benefit from his appearance before the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V at Diet of Worms
Luther gained a larger audience for his reform ideas, and others began to challenge the church's teachings and practices
Luther believed the church consisted of
A spiritual priesthood of all Christian believers
The Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis ended the conflict known as the
Habsburg-Valois Wars
How did the Calvinists understand the idea of work or labor?
Hard work, well done, was pleasing to God, and all work with a religious aspect was dignified
Why did women's work receive less compensation than a man's work?
It was understood that a woman was either married or to be married and, therefore, not responsible for supporting a family
What were Calvinist and Lutherans attitudes towards secular rulers?
Lutherans taught respect for authority while Calvinists encouraged opposition to political authorities who were considered ungodly
France supported the Protestant princes of Germany in order to
Prevent Charles V from increasing his power
Thomas More's "Utopia" was remarkable for its time because it asserted
Problems plaguing society could be solved by a beneficent government
The dissolution of the English monasteries
Resulted from Henry VIII's desire to confiscate their wealth
Italian humanists stressed the
Study of the classics for what they could reveal about the human nature
In the early sixteenth century, anticlericalism focused primarily on which of the following issues?
The immorality of priests who were drunkards and neglected the rule of celibacy
What was the importance of "fate" to Machiavelli's analysis of The Prince?
The most skilled and prepared ruler could not fully not escape the operations of fate that might cause a prince to lose his realm
Which of the following characterizes the intersection of the hierarchist wealth and orders in the renaissance?
The nobility retained its status by taking in and integrating the new social elite of wealth
How did the choice to change or reject the reform movement occur in a territory or region in the Holy Roman Empire?
The political leaders of the territory or region determined whether to introduce reforms
Which of the following best characterizes the renaissance idea of virtu?
The ability to shape the world around oneself according to one's will
The overriding goal of the Catholic religious orders established in the 16th century
To uplift the spiritual condition of both clergy and laity
The Colloquy of Marburg
failed to resolve the differences among Protestants on the issue of the Eucharist
What aided Martin Luther in his call for reform?
Luther understood the power of the printing press and authorized for the publication of his works
Luther viewed celibacy as
Opposed to human nature and God's commandments
What was the name of given to the Catholic and Huguenot moderates in France?
Politiques
The Pilgrimage of Grace attested to
Popular opposition, in northern England, to Henry VIII's reformation
Which of the following best describes Martin Luther's doctrine of salvation?
Salvation came through faith alone as a free gift of God's grace
In addition to reforming the church, what was the other goal of the Council of Trent? (understanding that all goals may not be achieved)
Secure reconciliation with the Protestants
The Catholic Church justified the granting of indulgences by stating that:
That Jesus through his death and the work of the saints had deposited indulgences in a Treasury of Merit
What new religious order for women emerged in the 16th century?
Ursuline order
In religious affairs, Elizabeth I of England followed a policy that
Was a middle course between Catholic and Protestant extremes
Why did Protestants allow the dissolution of marriages in divorce?
They viewed marriage as a contract for mutual support, and married partners who failed to provide support endangered their souls and the entire community
What was the fate of most brought before the inquisition and accused of witchcrafts?
They were sent home with a warning and ordered to do penance
As a result of the Peace of Augsburg, the people of Germany
Became either Lutheran or Catholic, depending on the preference of their prince
John Calvin rejected the idea of free will because he believe it would
Detract from the sovereignty of God's commandments
The Reformation of England was primarily the result of
The dynastic and romantic concerns of Henry VIII
Why did most ordinary Poles oppose the Lutheran reform movement?
The held strong anti-German feelings
Martin Luther's first response to the Peasant's War was?
To side with the peasants