Chapter 13

In cognitive therapy, clients are encouraged to

develop a more optimistic cognitive style.

Some researchers claim that all types of psychotherapy are equally effective. This is called the

dodo bird verdict

Rohit, a manager at Frettis Inc., notices that his team members are not meeting their deadlines or the expected standards of work quality. He, however, finds it difficult to question them sternly on the use of their time or provide them strict instructions to finish their work on time. Which one of the following is most likely to help Rohit manage his team better?

Assertiveness training

Congruence would be shown to clients by a therapist acting on their feelings in which type of therapy?

Client-centered therapy

Which of the following is an assumption on which humanistic therapy operates?

Clients will improve on their own, given the right therapeutic conditions.

Hector has mixed use substance disorder and would like to begin therapy. Which type of therapy has the strongest research support on experiencing successful treatment?

Motivational enhancement therapy (MET)

involves passing an electric current through the patient's brain, usually in an effort to relieve severe depression

Electroconvulsive shock therapy (ECT)

What is the goal of contemporary psychodynamic therapy?

Improving the quality of interpersonal relationships

Which of the following is an advantage of group psychotherapy?

It ensures confidentiality among members of the group.

Which of the following is an advantage of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment schizophrenia?

It excites brain cells without causing a seizure.

Who would most likely benefit from special pretreatment orientation programs for psychotherapy?

Lourdes, a Latina immigrant from Peru

Which one of the following is a short-term psychodynamic approach in which the powerful need for human contact and support takes center stage?

Object relations therapy

In the context of psychotherapy, what is the difference between inpatients and outpatients?

Outpatients have symptoms that are not severe enough to threaten their own well-being, whereas inpatients have symptoms that threaten their own well-being.

Which of the following types of therapy most likely helps clients focus on their unconscious thoughts and emotions?

Psychoanalysis

Debbie, a college senior, is experiencing moderate depression. She is trying to decide whether to take an antidepressant medication or go to therapy. What should she prioritize in making her decision?

Safety of the treatment

Which of the following is a feature of systematic desensitization therapy?

The client is made to relax while visualizing a series of anxiety-provoking stimuli.

Which one of the following best describes randomized clinical trials?

They are experiments in which clients are arbitrarily assigned to treatment or control conditions.

In the context of psychosurgery, which of the following is a surgical procedure that involves the implantation of a pacemaker-like device in the upper chest of an individual?

Vagal nerve stimulation

A suicide hotline would most likely be staffed by

a community mental health center.

In the context of client-centered therapy, unconditional positive regard involves:

a therapist treating a client as competent and making him or her less dependent on help.

Medications that reduce symptoms such as disordered thinking and delusions are called

antipsychotics

Behavioral treatment that uses the principles of classical conditioning is traditionally called

behavior therapy

apply learning principles to eliminate undesirable behavior patterns and strengthen more desirable alternatives

behavior therapy and modification

also known as person-centered therapy, help mainly by adopting attitudes toward the client that express unconditional positive regard, empathy, and congruence to create a nonjudgmental atmosphere.

client-centered therapy

The best empirical evidence that treatment is beneficial is

clinically significant

Which treatment is likely to help someone with a specific phobia?

cognitive behavior therapy

help clients alter the way they think as well as the way they behave

cognitive behavior therapy

Community mental health programs and efforts to prevent mental disorders are the two main elements of community psychology

community psychology

In the context of rights and rules in a therapeutic relationship, which one the following allows a client to reveal embarrassing impulses or behaviors without fear that this information will be repeated to anyone else?

confidentiality

guide evidence-based practice

empirically supported therapies (ESTs)

Which of the following is the best example of a sociocultural difference between a client and a therapist that may impact the effectiveness of treatment?

ethnicity

use more active techniques than Rogerian therapists, often pointing out inconsistencies between what clients say and how they behav

gestalt therapy

These forms of treatment take advantage of relationships in the group, family, or couple to enhance the effects of treatment

group psychotherapy, family therapy, and couples therapy

Valium is a well-known benzodiazepine that reduces

hallucinations

GABA is what kind of neurotransmitter?

inhibitory

The process through which a neurotransmitter normally returns to the brain cell from which it was released is known as _____.

reuptake

which seeks to help clients gain insight into unconscious conflicts and impulses and then to explore how those factors have created disorders

psychoanalysis

procedures once involved mainly prefrontal lobotomy; when used today, usually as a last resort, they focus on more limited areas of the brain

psychosurgery

In general, treating psychological disorders through discussion and other procedures to help the patient is called

psychotherapy

based on psychodynamic, humanistic, or behavioral theories of personality and behavior disorder

psychotherapy

When people who experience both anxiety and severe psychotic depression are treated with antidepressant medication only, then they

rarely show improvement.

Today, electroconvulsive shock therapy is used sometimes to treat

severe depression

A reduction in a treated client's test scores on a particular psychological disorder without the client feeling and acting more like people without an anxiety disorder would imply _____.

statistical significance

A therapist who establishes rules and a system of rewards for following the rules is doing what?

using positive reinforcement