Chapter 13: Global Nutrition

Select the ways in which HIV/AIDS impacts nutrition security.

Frequent illnesses decrease the capacity to work. High medical costs leave less funds to purchase food.

What are some problems with providing food aid to underdeveloped countries?

Food may not be culturally acceptable. It reduces incentives for local food production There is difficulty in transferring food to where it is needed

Environmentally unsustainable farming methods are undermining food production especially in

developing countries

Which of the following innovations may help to lessen world hunger for years to come?

drought-resistant crops, self-fertilizing crops, pest-resistant crops

The Sustainable Development Goals aim to improve gender equality by increasing women's access to

economic resources, education, information and communication technologies

What are the reinforcing pillars of sustainable development?

environmental protection, economic development, social development

True or false: Direct food aid is a long-term solution that should be utilized for developing countries.

false

True or false: SNAP benefits can be used to purchase alcohol, as long as it will be used in cooking.

false

True or false: The best answer to solving undernutrition is to address only the food production issues within that region.

false

The gender and development approach to improving nutrition security aims to

improve women's access to education, technology, and economic resources

Choose the micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) that are most critically missing from diets worldwide.

iron, vitamin A, iodine, zinc, B vitamins (ex: folate), vitamin C, selenium

Which of the following is true about the HIV virus?

it has limited ability to survive outside the body

Terry wants to distribute food to the homeless people in his community. Which of the following foods would be most useful for a homeless person?

jar of peanut butter and loaf of bread

What are the two things that almost always contribute to undernutrition in developing countries?

lack of sanitation and inadequate shelter

Who is most likely to benefit from biotechnology in farming?

large farmer

Beginning in the early 1900s, the involvement of _____ in providing assistance to the poor has steadily increased.

local, county, and state governments

What is the term for failing health that results from long-standing dietary practices that do not coincide with nutritional needs?

malnutrition

What term describes a condition of impaired development or function caused by a chronic deficiency or an excess in calories and/or nutrient intake?

malnutrition

Select the two common forms of protein-calorie malnutrition from the list below.

marasmus and kwashiorkor

In the developing world, agricultural production is ______.

not sustainable for the long term and depleting natural resources

Why is malnutrition increasing in the developing world?

political and civil unrest, depletion of natural resources, the burden of AIDS

What are causes of famines?

political conflicts, economic chaos, and climate change

Suitable technologies that need to be encouraged so that small farmers can flourish include:

preserving local staples marketing local staples processing local staples

________ ________ malnutrition is a form of undernutrition caused by an extremely deficient intake of calories or protein and generally accompanied by an illness.

protein-calorie

Without _____, sustainable development remains impossible.

sanitation, hygiene, and water

True or false: Genetic modification to produce crops with increased micronutrient content may help to reduce malnutrition in some areas of the world.

true

True or false: The biggest debate in the United States for GMO biotechnology is the potential environmental hazards from introducing genes from one plant species to another.

true

True or false: Water shortages contribute to the problem of undernutrition in developing nations.

true

Inadequate shelter and sanitation almost always contribute to death from ______.

undernutrition

Which of the following are common causes of situational poverty?

unexpected medical expenses, death of a wage earner, divorce

Which of the following characterize the living conditions for individuals affected by poverty in urban areas of developing nations?

unsafe water supply and crowded

A severe deficiency of ______ causes blindness.

vitamin A

What sensations are often used to describe hunger?

weakness, pain, uneasiness, discomfort

The world produces enough food to feed ______ the global population.

1.5 times

Approximately ______ of the annual global human food production gets lost or wasted.

1/3

Approximately _____ percent of people in the United States are living at or below the poverty level.

12%

Agriculture worldwide produces enough food to meet the energy requirements of earth's 7.6 billion people, however, the FAO reports that over ______ percent of people are food insecure.

26%

______ has been identified as a disease that significantly contributes to undernutrition in developing nations because it reduces worker productivity and costs so much to treat.

AIDS

Why is there not enough farmland available worldwide?

Competing land-use demands are growing. Most land is already in use. Poor farming practices are followed.

Which agency is responsible for overseeing new products using biotechnology?

FDA

What are some issues that keep the homeless from obtaining food assistance?

Lack of cooking facilities Political policies that prohibit individuals or groups from sharing food with the poor or homeless Food pantries and soup kitchens may not have enough supplies to meet the needs of the communities they serve

Low-income children of school age are eligible for

National School Lunch Program

The ______ provides federal funding for congregate and home-delivered meals for all U.S. citizens aged 60 and older.

Older Americans Act

According to the Food and Agriculture organization of the United Nations, what must be done if food production is to keep up with the expanding population?

Protection of the earth's already deteriorated environment from further destruction.

Which program became available to help children who come to school hungry?

School Breakfast Program

Which food assistance program is considered the most successful federally funded nutrition program based on health outcomes?

Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC)

Choose the region of the world that has the highest prevalence of adult HIV.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Which of the following is a true statement about the relationship between AIDS and nutrition?

Use of a balanced multivitamin and mineral supplement slows deterioration of health.

______ uses the largest proportion of the world's freshwater resources.

agriculture

What are typical causes of malnutrition in North America?

alcoholism, eating disorders, homelessness, lack of good caregiving

Individuals who are eligible for the Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program (SNAP) are able to purchase food and garden seeds using ______.

and electrical benefit transfer (EBT) card

Participants in Congregate Meals for the Elderly must

be at least 60

Up to 17 million farmers in 26 countries have planted over 190 million hectares of ______ crops.

biotech

Breeding the best bull with the best cows is an example of _____.

biotechnology

______ is a collection of processes that use biological systems to alter and improve characteristics of plants and animals.

biotechnology

The U.S. Congress established public assistance programs that provide ______ to children at school.

breakfast and lunch

The cause of death for many children in developing countries is

consuming contaminated water

Because of unsustainable farming practices or competing demands for use of the land, the number of farmable acres worldwide ______ each year.

decreases

An expanding population is more likely to

deteriorate earth's resources

The School Lunch Program enables students to receive free or reduced lunches based on

family income

What situation associated with malnutrition is often a result of crop failures, war, and political unrest?

famine

Choose the living cost that is negotiable and often gets cut during periods of low income.

food

What is the primary short-term problem with getting food to those who need it in the developing world?

food distribution and use of food (supply chain)

Approximately 11% of U.S. households report ______.

food insecurity

What is it called when the quality, variety, and/or desirability of the diet are reduced and there is difficulty at times providing enough food for everyone in the household?

food insecurity

The biggest nutritional debate in the United States surrounds the use of _____.

genetically modified foods

Which of the following is a reason that biotechnology may not significantly reduce undernutrition in the developing world?

high price of foods

Events similar to those that cause situational poverty (a medical emergency, death in the family, loss of a job) can lead to

homelessness

What are potential sources of diseases in urban areas of the developing world?

human urine and feces insect and rodent infestations inability to dispose of dead animals and people killed from civil war

What is the primary physiological (internal) drive to find and eat food?

hunger

Choose the factors that contribute to malnutrition in the developing world.

imbalances in the food/population ratio high foreign debt inadequate infrastructure

Biotechnology has begun to _____ crop yields on shrinking amounts of farmable land.

improve

Beginning in the early 1900s, the involvement of local, county, and state governments in providing food assistance to the poor has steadily

increased

Which of the following are associated with chronic hunger?

increased susceptibility to infection, reduced energy and strength, impaired ability to learn

HIV infection ______ daily calorie requirements.

increases

Worldwide hunger is primarily an outcome of

inequitable distribution of food resources around the world

What is the primary cause of undernutrition in the developing world?

inequitable food distribution

Lack of access to a safe water supply contributes to sickness and death from diarrheal diseases. Which population group is most vulnerable to these consequences of consuming contaminated water?

infants and children

Chronic hunger is associated with increased susceptibility to ______ disease.

infectious

What are significant public health problems in developing nations?

inferior infrastructure and poor sanitation

Mitch lost his job when the auto manufacturing industry in his town shut down. As a result, his family got evicted from their apartment and they are living in their car. This can be described as ______ poverty.

situational

Suitable technologies for processing, preserving, marketing, and distributing nutritious local staples need to be encouraged so that

small farmers can flourish

Which of the following are physiological symptoms of hunger?

stomach pain and weakness

Maintaining or enhancing the land and natural resources for the long term, social responsibilities of human resources, and consumer health and safety are all principles of

sustainable agriculture

During the 1960s and 1970s undernutrition in developing countries was perceived as a ______ problem.

technical

Households with children are more likely to be impoverished.

true

True or false: Areas of the world with a high prevalence of HIV/AIDS are at increased risk for food insecurity.

true