Chapter 13 Learning Curve

an intense, excessive, irrational fear of a particular object or situation that is avoided or endured with anxiety.

A specific phobia is:

agoraphobia.

Abby, who has recently suffered from anxiety, says she fears having a panic attack when she is out in public. As a result, she no longer wants to leave her apartment. Abby is likely to be suffering from:

Physically, anxiety prepares one to "fight" or "flee" potential dangers; mentally, anxiety makes one focus attention on the threatening situation.

Anxiety has both physical and mental effects. Which statement MOST accurately describes these effects?

comorbidity.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is sometimes diagnosed in conjunction with substance use disorder in the same individual. This is an example of:

1:1.

Bipolar disorder affects women and men in a ratio of

manic and depressive.

Bipolar disorder involves extreme mood swings between two kinds of episodes called

no disorder; it is natural to fear large predators

Charlie dislikes sharks. He avoids watching movies about sharks or looking at pictures of sharks. Every summer he swims in the ocean, even though he is afraid that a shark is going to bite him. With which disorder would a therapist diagnose Charlie?

psychopathology

Dr. Alfonso investigates the etiology of psychological disorders. Dr. Alfonso's field of specialization is known as _____.

biologically

Due to the survival threats present in their evolutionary history, humans seem to be _____ prepared to acquire fears of certain animals and situations.

phobia

If Jasmine avoids any situation in which help may not be available in case a panic attack strikes, she may be suffering from a(n):

helpful; harmful

If anxiety leads a person to study for an exam, then it is _____, but if it keeps a person from leaving your home, then it is _____.

negative reinforcement.

In obsessive-compulsive disorder, compulsions relieve or offset troubling obsessions. In the terminology of operant conditioning, compulsions are therefore maintained through:

an obsessive-compulsive disorder

Jodie is convinced that her husband will get sick and die unless she cleans the kitchen every day. She constantly thinks about the germs that are in her kitchen and feels like she always has more to clean in the already spotless kitchen. Jodie MOST likely has:

a panic disorder

Johnny's heartbeat suddenly increases, his breath shortens, and he fears losing control. He doesn't know why he feels this way, and cannot pinpoint something in the environment that could have triggered these feelings. Johnny MOST likely has:

much less

Men are _____ likely to suffer from an eating disorder than women.

a serious departure from what is culturally or socially normal.

One of the significant "caveats" or qualifications used to diagnose a psychological disorder is that the pattern of behavioral or psychological symptoms has to represent:

a panic disorder.

Sonia's heartbeat suddenly increases, her breath shortens, and she has hot flashes. She feels terrified and has a sense she is about to die. She has these attacks periodically, and they generally come without warning. Sonia MOST likely has:

aligning, placing, or sequencing objects or actions in exact orders or positions.

Symmetry and precision compulsions involve:

2013

The MOST recent edition of the DSM, the DSM-5, appeared in:

glutamate

The drug lithium seems to help regulate which neurotransmitter associated with bipolar disorder?

twice a week.

The eating binges that characterize bulimia nervosa typically occur:

bulimia nervosa.

The eating disorder characterized by binges of overeating followed by self-induced purging is called:

glutamate

The neurotransmitter _____ likely plays a significant role in bipolar disorder.

low

The risk of violence or harm to a stranger from casual contact with an individual who has a mental disorder is:

the magnitude of the trauma

Traumatic events don't produce posttraumatic stress disorder in everyone. Which is a factor that increases the likelihood of developing PTSD after a traumatic event?

social anxiety disorder

Vera has become increasingly withdrawn during social gatherings. She is so afraid she will do or say something embarrassing that she has started to avoid social events altogether. What disorder may Vera be developing?

losing a scholarship due to poor grades

Which situation does NOT have the potential to cause posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

Eating disorders have existed for at least 150 years, but their prevalence has increased in recent decades.

Which statement BEST expresses historical trends in the prevalence of eating disorders?

It represents a consensus of mental health professionals and organizations.

Which statement about the DSM-5 is TRUE?

panic attack

While exiting the subway on the way to work, Ray is suddenly filled with escalating feelings that he cannot breathe and that something bad is going to happen to him. Chances are good that Ray is suffering from a:

Comorbidity

refers to the occurrence of two or more psychological disorders at the same time.