Chapter 13 Part 5, Chapter 13 Part 7, Chapter 13 Part 4, Chapter 13 Test Bank Q's Part 3, Chapter 13 Test Bank Q's Part 2

Jarrett was diagnosed with migraine headaches and ulcers as a result of general anxiety. What treatment would most likely be advocated by a health psychologist? A) Progressive relaxation training B) Stress removal techniques C) Controlled aggression training D) General adaptation therapy

A) Progressive relaxation training

Which of the following is a common form of managing stress reactions? A) Relaxation activities B) Getting rid of the source of stress C) Eating comfort foods high in carbohydrates D) Committing to do better next time

A) Relaxation activities

The general adaptation syndrome approach to understanding the body's reaction to stress was suggested by A) Selye. B) Freud. C) Skinner. D) Bandura.

A) Selye.

50. Psychologists have identified a hard-driving, achievement-oriented, coronary-prone personality pattern. This pattern is called a __________ personality. A) Type A B) dissonant C) hot D) sensitizer

A) Type A

. The idea that if you think about the stress differently, the stress may not have as much as a detrimental effect on you is known as the ______ of stress. A) appraisal B) transduction C) excitation D) modification

A) appraisal

Withdrawing from stress means that you _______ the stress. A) avoid B) confront C) erase D) dissolve

A) avoid

The fact that younger widows tend to be depressed for longer periods of time after the death of their spouse compared to older widows shows the influence of _______ factors on stress reactions. A) developmental B) prior experience C) control D) person variables

A) developmental

Compared to others, people with a Type A personality tend to A) experience greater physiological arousal in competitive situations. B) experience less physiological arousal in situations where they must do nothing but sit. C) have extremely effective coping styles in competitive situations. D) have depressed nervous activity in response to frustrating failure experiences.

A) experience greater physiological arousal in competitive situations.

The positive effects of marriage for both males and females can be explained in part because A) healthy people get married more often than ill persons. B) married people avoid risks. C) unmarried people are more self-destructive. D) all of the above are possible explanations.

A) healthy people get married more often than ill persons.

. People with the Type A behavior pattern who used effective coping skills experienced a decrease in A) heart attacks and early death. B) their life events score. C) approach-approach conflicts. D) approach-avoidance conflicts.

A) heart attacks and early death.

46. The ______ social support a person has, the ______ effect of stress on that person. A) more; less B) less; less C) type of; more D) more; more

A) more; less

Teaching a person to alternately tense the major muscles and then release that tension is used in A) progressive relaxation. B) aerobic exercise. C) behavioral inhibition. D) aversion therapy.

A) progressive relaxation.

33. Upsetting emotions and depression may affect the immune system by A) reducing the body's resistance to disease. B) increasing the resistance of the autonomic nervous system. C) reducing the response time of a person's general adaptation response. D) increasing tolerance to microstressors.

A) reducing the body's resistance to disease.

Based on research, one effective technique in coping with stress is stress A) removal. B) redefinition. C) amplification. D) reexamination.

A) removal.

Effective coping involves _______, whereas ineffective coping involves _______. A) removing the source of stress; withdrawing from the stress B) defense mechanisms; managing stress reactions C) aggression; frustration D) repression; sensitization

A) removing the source of stress; withdrawing from the stress

The first stage of progressive relaxation training is to determine A) the difference between relaxed and tense muscles. B) if health insurance will cover the cost. C) if you are limber enough to perform its basic tasks. D) your individual level of hypnotic susceptibility.

A) the difference between relaxed and tense muscles.

Jeff used a coping strategy that was ineffective because it distorted reality. What kind of strategy did he use? A) Cognitive coping B) A defense mechanism C) Sensitization D) Stress removal

B) A defense mechanism

During which stage of the general adaptation syndrome would increases in heart rate, blood pressure, perspiration, and blood sugar be detected? A) Autonomic phase B) Alarm reaction C) Resistance D) Exhaustion

B) Alarm reaction

Steve dislikes the thought of staying in school but does not want to work either. Which type of conflict is at work here? A) Approach-approach B) Avoidance-avoidance C) Approach-avoidance D) Double approach-approach

B) Avoidance-avoidance

Which of the following, when consumed in excess, can lead to high levels of cholesterol? A) Fresh vegetables B) Fatty red meats C) Low-fat dairy products D) Lean white meats

B) Fatty red meats

32. What is the body's natural disease-fighting system called? A) Suppression system B) Immune system C) Autonomic system D) Parasympathetic system

B) Immune system

24. How does the sympathetic nervous system respond during the alarm reaction of the general adaptation syndrome? A) It increases blood flow to the intestines. B) It increases blood flow to the skeletal muscles. C) It decreases perspiration. D) It does all of these.

B) It increases blood flow to the skeletal muscles.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the Type A personality? A) Extremely healthy B) Perfectionistic C) Effective coping D) Prone to cancer

B) Perfectionistic

42. The idea that individuals respond in certain ways based on the setting is known as A) the social loafing effect. B) Person X situation interactionism. C) the just world phenomenon. D) the contextual situational effect.

B) Person X situation interactionism.

34. A college senior is more likely to know how to handle examination stress and therefore will be under less stress than an incoming freshman. Which of the following factors that influence reactions to stress does this illustrate? A) Predictability and control B) Prior experience with stress C) Social support D) Physiological factors producing stress

B) Prior experience with stress

Sustained exercise that stimulates heart and lung activity is called _______ exercise. A) anorexic B) aerobic C) anaerobic D) assimilative

B) aerobic

Carla received a ticket for speeding that she feels is unjust. She can pay the ticket and forget it, or she can hire a lawyer, pay her fees, and perhaps be vindicated for being unjustly charged. Carla is tense and upset because she is experiencing a(n) _______ conflict. A) approach-approach B) approach-avoidance C) negative-approach D) frustration

B) approach-avoidance

If you are in a situation where no choice can be made and the only option involves both positive and negative aspects, this is an _______ conflict. A) approach-approach B) approach-avoidance C) avoidance-avoidance D) undeterminable

B) approach-avoidance

31. High levels of depression are ______ among individuals undergoing stress. A) uncommon B) common C) rare D) nonexistent

B) common

Married people tend to be ______ than those not in committed relationships. A) less monogamous B) far healthier C) less sexually active D) not as healthy

B) far healthier

A person reduces stressful mistakes into small, logical errors through the defense mechanism called A) projection. B) intellectualization. C) sublimation. D) denial.

B) intellectualization.

Members of a minority culture experience _____ stress as compared to those members of the majority culture. A) less B) more C) almost no D) minimal

B) more

Going to college means that you will meet new friends, gain freedom, increase job options, and so on. It also means the possibility of failure, leaving old friends, and so on. Thus, going to college may present a(n) A) avoidance reaction. B) multiple approach-avoidance conflict. C) negative approach gradient. D) approach-approach conflict.

B) multiple approach-avoidance conflict.

The personal characteristics of how we respond to stressful situations are known as ______ variables. A) dependent B) person C) independent D) correlated

B) person

When we see our own problems as the problems of others, _______ is occurring. A) displacement B) projection C) rejection D) reaction formation

B) projection

. Marriage seems to benefit men more than women, according to your text, because A) women have many more criticisms of their marriage than men. B) women have more social supports outside of marriage. C) wives often urge husbands to lead healthier lifestyles. D) single/divorced men lead less safe lives.

B) women have more social supports outside of marriage.

Moderate aerobic exercise means ______ minutes of continuous exercise that raises the heart rate at least _____ times a week. A) 60; 5 B) 20; 2 C) 30; 3 D) 45; 4

C) 30; 3

Which of the following characteristics best matches with the Type A personality? A) Understanding B) Easygoing C) Hard-driving D) Patient

C) Hard-driving

. Peter has gotten through the alarm reaction stage of the general adaptation syndrome. What will happen to him next? A) He will enter the withdrawal stage. B) He will experience countershock. C) He will enter the resistance stage. D) He will enter the exhaustion stage.

C) He will enter the resistance stage.

. Progressive relaxation training has been found to be helpful in which of the following areas? A) Hypothermia B) Low blood pressure C) Insomnia D) Uremia

C) Insomnia

Which of the following was used to explain why Americans eat so poorly? A) A genetic preference for high fat foods B) Poor attitude toward nutrition experts C) Lack of knowledge about healthy foods D) Unavailability of healthy foods

C) Lack of knowledge about healthy foods

In a study, autonomic arousal was measured while one group received electric shock 95 % of the time, a second received electric shock 50% of the time, and a third received electric shock 5% of the time. The group that was shocked 5% of the time showed the most arousal due to the influence of what factor? A) Increased withdrawal B) Increased conflict C) Lowered predictability D) Lowered immune functioning

C) Lowered predictability

Which individuals are least likely to respond to negative life events with depression and anxiety? A) People with little control B) People with poor social support C) People with good social support D) People with no prior experience

C) People with good social support

After being promoted to department head, Bill found the job to be uncomfortable and highly stressful. Ultimately, Bill resigned from the position and returned to his former job, where he reported being much happier. Which method of coping with stress did Bill use? A) Managing stress reactions, an effective coping method B) Withdrawal, an ineffective coping method C) Removing stress, an effective coping method D) Excessive use of defense mechanisms, an ineffective coping method

C) Removing stress, an effective coping method

How does prior experience with stress influence our ability to deal with future stress? A) Eventually all possible stressful events are experiences, causing no more stress. B) Each stressful event is handled uniquely, with no influence from past events. C) The more previous experience with stress, the better future stress is handled. D) The more stress accumulates overall, the worse the reaction to future stress.

C) The more previous experience with stress, the better future stress is handled.

Which of the following is true about stress reactions? A) They produce a physiological reaction only. B) Psychological reactions happen independently of physiological reactions. C) They produce both a physiological and psychological reactions. D) Physiological reactions differ depending on the stressor.

C) They produce both a physiological and psychological reactions.

The first step in responding to stress is often the production of hormones and the mobilization of bodily resources. This first stage is referred to as the A) avoidance reaction stage. B) resistance stage. C) alarm reaction stage. D) adjustment phase.

C) alarm reaction stage.

After two semesters of making the dean's list, Maria had a semester of poor grades. She was quite upset by this and thought she should drop out of college. Her roommate convinced her she was in a temporary "sophomore slump," and soon Maria was back to her usual good performance. This is an example of coping with stress by A) removing stress. B) withdrawal. C) cognitive coping. D) stress management exercises.

C) cognitive coping.

Attempts to deal with the source of stress or to control our reactions to it, or both, describe A) the alarm reaction. B) exhaustion. C) coping. D) frustration.

C) coping

35. With repeated exposures to stressful situations, a person's general stress level A) increases. B) disappears. C) decreases. D) remains constant.

C) decreases.

29. The last stage of the general adaptation syndrome is A) alarm. B) resistance. C) exhaustion. D) plateau.

C) exhaustion.

The component of Type A behavior that is most closely related to coronary heart disease is A) time urgency. B) repression. C) hostile aggression. D) achievement motivation.

C) hostile aggression.

Based on research, while marriage is good for both men and women, it is better for A) attorneys. B) children. C) men. D) women.

C) men.

To keep powerful desires out of consciousness altogether is an example of A) projection. B) intellectualization. C) repression. D) regression.

C) repression.

62. According to research, women's reactions to stress tend to be more A) fight or flight. B) out of sight, out of mind. C) tend and befriend. D) stress and storm.

C) tend and befriend.

51. John is widely regarded as a workaholic. He has not had a day off in the last five years and goes to work even when he is ill. On most days, he is driven to produce at least twice as much as anyone else. John's pattern of behavior is consistent with __________ personality. A) a repressor B) a sensitizer C) the Type A D) the double-avoidance

C) the Type A

During which stage of the general adaptation syndrome does the body enter a temporary state of shock? A) Avoidance B) Exhaustion C) Resistance D) Alarm

D) Alarm

Minorities in most cultures experience stress differently. Compared to the majority groups, A) minorities have stress as a result of prejudice and discrimination from stereotypes. B) minorities are stressed by observed changes in family members, usually children. C) minorities are stressed by pressure from other minorities to not change. D) All of the above are stressors to members of minority groups.

D) All of the above are stressors to members of minority groups.

49. Regarding the risk of coronary heart disease, which type of hostility has a lower risk? A) Physical aggression B) Highly insulting C) Verbal abuse D) Chronically suspicious

D) Chronically suspicious

Jack has had a nervous breakdown after spending the last three years trying to prevent his business from collapsing. From the point of view of the general adaptation syndrome, Jack is in which stage of response to stress? A) Alarm-reaction phase B) Acceptance phase C) Repressor stage D) Exhaustion stage

D) Exhaustion stage

What effect has been demonstrated by "getting something off your chest"? A) More visits to the therapist B) Increased medical and health problems C) Learning not to trust others with secrets D) Fewer health problems six months later

D) Fewer health problems six months later

. What will most help Sam to continue his exercise program? A) Setting a general goal of feeling better B) Avoiding self-congratulations and treats for at least trying to exercise C) Aerobically exercising during one out of four sessions D) Getting his friend Sally to exercise with him

D) Getting his friend Sally to exercise with him

38. Which of the following is one of the aspects of providing social support to help buffer against stress? A) Reminisce about past experiences B) Reexamine job requirements C) Redefine the stressful event D) Receive advice and solace

D) Receive advice and solace

52. Denise always feels like she's running out of time. She rarely takes a vacation and finds it hard to relax at home. She demands perfection of herself and is competitive in all arenas of her life. Denise can be labeled a A) sensitizer. B) Type B personality. C) repressor. D) Type A personality.

D) Type A personality.

Regular aerobic exercise can _______ blood pressure and _______ blood cholesterol levels. A) increase; decrease B) increase; increase C) decrease; increase D) decrease; decrease

D) decrease; decrease

A stressful event can be perceived as less stressful if you believe you A) strongly believe in religion. B) have a solution to the problem. C) cannot predict the stress. D) have control over the stress.

D) have control over the stress.

Married persons, compared to people who are single in their adult years, A) have the same levels of health. B) have lowered levels of benefits compared to single persons. C) experience happier but not healthier lives. D) have greater health benefits.

D) have greater health benefits.

The body's natural disease-fighting system is the ______ system. A) sympathetic B) skeletal C) endocrine D) immune

D) immune

. If you use defense mechanisms to cope with stress, you are using a(n) _______ coping strategy. A) aggressive B) beneficial C) preventative D) ineffective

D) ineffective

The more predictable a stressful event is, the _______ the reaction to the event. A) less healthy B) less beneficial C) more stressful D) less stressful

D) less stressful

20. Nelson has been offered a promotion to a promising job position in a small town in an isolated area. He likes the town he lives in, his children love their school, but his present job is a dead-end job with little chance for promotion. Nelson is tense, upset, and is not sleeping well at night. He is experiencing a(n) _______ conflict. A) anxiety B) frustration C) avoidance-avoidance D) multiple approach-avoidance

D) multiple approach-avoidance

. The process of ______ training teaches people to deeply relax the large muscles of the body. A) mindfulness B) rationalization C) disinhibition D) progressive relaxation

D) progressive relaxation

Changing the way we think about the stressful events in our lives in an attempt to reduce stress is called A) reaffirmation. B) refocusing. C) reframing. D) reappraisal.

D) reappraisal.

To use progressive relaxation training, you must first know the difference between _______ and _______. A) muscle; fat B) mind; behavior C) stress; aggression D) tense muscle; relaxed muscle

D) tense muscle; relaxed muscle

People sometimes respond to frustration by trying to ignore it or to escape from it. This tendency is referred to as A) sublimation. B) reaction formation. C) suppression. D) withdrawal.

D) withdrawal.