Chapter 13: The Respiratory System Test Review
The body needs help to breathe by using these kinds of muscles.
Accessory muscles
What is the name of the condition that has a high mortality rate, makes the lungs stiff and causes pulmonary edema (fluid in the lungs)
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Atelectasis is a condition that's causes ______ in the lungs to collapse.
Air sacs
Where does the terminal end of the respiratory system occur?
Alveoli
This condition has a reversible airway narrowing & airway hyperactivity, it is an inflammatory process.
Asthma
Once the trachea reaches the chest, it bifurcates into 2 ____, the right & left main stem.
Bronchi
What is the name of the type of drug that provides relief of airway narrowing?
Bronchodilators
During metabolism the body produces a waste product called what?
Carbon dioxide
What causes sleep apnea?
Causes by soft tissue at the back of the throat relaxing and blocking the airway
What is the name of the heredity disease that causes excessive thick mucus and frequent infections?
Cystic fibrosis
A hiccup occurs when there is s spasm of this structure.
Diaphragm
This condition causes destruction of the alveolar air sacs and the lung becomes "floppy".
Emphysema
This condition is permanent, had abnormal enlargement of distal airway spaces and destruction of the alveolar walls.
Emphysema
What is a pleural effusion filled with pus called?
Empyema
What do the kidneys release in the attempt to increase hemoglobin levels in the body?
Erythropoietin
The process of gas exchange between air and blood is known as this?
External respiration
What is the name of the cells that are responsible for the production of mucus?
Goblet cells
What is the other name for seasonal allergic rhinitis?
Hay fever
This is a condition in which blood is in the pleural space.
Hemothorax
The flu is a respiratory illness caused by what virus?
Influenza virus
What's is the name of the technique used to insert a breathing tube into the lungs?
Intubation
Where are the vocal cords located?
Located in the neck (Larynx)
What is the name of the structure that contains the esophagus, great vessels and the trachea; it is also the area between the lungs.
Mediastinum
Chemoreceptors that help regulate breathing can be found where in the body?
Medulla oblongata, carotid artery, and aorta
What does ventilation mean?
Movement of the air into and out of the lungs
The upper airway consists of these 4 structures.
Nose, mouth, pharynx, and larynx
What is the medical term used for/means the inability to breathe easily except in an erect sitting or standing position?
Orthopnea
Which drug reduces the work of breathing, increases oxygen content in the blood and reduces the work load of heart?
Oxygen
What is the medical term for inflammation of the throat (sore throat)?
Pharyngitis
What is the name of the structure that serves as a common passageway for both air & food?
Pharynx
What condition has a build-up of excessive fluid in the pleural space between the parietal and visceral pleura?
Pleural effusion
This is a lung infection that has an accumulation of debris & fluid.
Pneumonia
What is the name of the condition in which there is air inside the thoracic cavity and outside of the lungs?
Pneumothorax
Type 2 cells that line the alveoli are responsible for what?
Producing surfactant
The exchange of gases between the cells and the blood is called this.
Respiration
What is the main cause of COPD?
Smoking
What is the major cause of chronic bronchitis?
Smoking
Lack of surfactant causes what?
Stiff lungs that resist expansion
What is the medical term for very rapid respirations?
Tachypnea
What is the main function of the medulla oblongata?
The control center that tells us to breathe
What is compliance?
The ease by which ventilation occurs
What is gas trapping?
The inability to get air out of the lungs
What is the name of the nerve that sends a signal to the diaphragm to contract?
The phrenic nerve
The larynx houses the important structures needed for speech AKA vocal cords as well as cartilage. What 2 cartilages are found in the larynx? Hint #1 is AKA Adam's apple and #2 is AKA a leaf shaped, flap like fibrocartilage. What 3 structures are part of the larynx?
Thyroid cartilage, epiglottis, and vocal cords
What causes lesions on the lungs and if the bacteria spread is unchecked, vast lung damage can occur.
Tuberculosis
What does the term apnea mean?
Without breath
What causes a cold & how do you prevent the spread of it?
• caused by over 200 different strains of viruses • wash your hands and cover your mouth when you sneeze or cough
Know the 3 subdivisions of the pharynx.
•nasopharynx •oropharynx •laryngopharynx