Chapter 13: The Respiratory System Test Review

The body needs help to breathe by using these kinds of muscles.

Accessory muscles

What is the name of the condition that has a high mortality rate, makes the lungs stiff and causes pulmonary edema (fluid in the lungs)

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Atelectasis is a condition that's causes ______ in the lungs to collapse.

Air sacs

Where does the terminal end of the respiratory system occur?

Alveoli

This condition has a reversible airway narrowing & airway hyperactivity, it is an inflammatory process.

Asthma

Once the trachea reaches the chest, it bifurcates into 2 ____, the right & left main stem.

Bronchi

What is the name of the type of drug that provides relief of airway narrowing?

Bronchodilators

During metabolism the body produces a waste product called what?

Carbon dioxide

What causes sleep apnea?

Causes by soft tissue at the back of the throat relaxing and blocking the airway

What is the name of the heredity disease that causes excessive thick mucus and frequent infections?

Cystic fibrosis

A hiccup occurs when there is s spasm of this structure.

Diaphragm

This condition causes destruction of the alveolar air sacs and the lung becomes "floppy".

Emphysema

This condition is permanent, had abnormal enlargement of distal airway spaces and destruction of the alveolar walls.

Emphysema

What is a pleural effusion filled with pus called?

Empyema

What do the kidneys release in the attempt to increase hemoglobin levels in the body?

Erythropoietin

The process of gas exchange between air and blood is known as this?

External respiration

What is the name of the cells that are responsible for the production of mucus?

Goblet cells

What is the other name for seasonal allergic rhinitis?

Hay fever

This is a condition in which blood is in the pleural space.

Hemothorax

The flu is a respiratory illness caused by what virus?

Influenza virus

What's is the name of the technique used to insert a breathing tube into the lungs?

Intubation

Where are the vocal cords located?

Located in the neck (Larynx)

What is the name of the structure that contains the esophagus, great vessels and the trachea; it is also the area between the lungs.

Mediastinum

Chemoreceptors that help regulate breathing can be found where in the body?

Medulla oblongata, carotid artery, and aorta

What does ventilation mean?

Movement of the air into and out of the lungs

The upper airway consists of these 4 structures.

Nose, mouth, pharynx, and larynx

What is the medical term used for/means the inability to breathe easily except in an erect sitting or standing position?

Orthopnea

Which drug reduces the work of breathing, increases oxygen content in the blood and reduces the work load of heart?

Oxygen

What is the medical term for inflammation of the throat (sore throat)?

Pharyngitis

What is the name of the structure that serves as a common passageway for both air & food?

Pharynx

What condition has a build-up of excessive fluid in the pleural space between the parietal and visceral pleura?

Pleural effusion

This is a lung infection that has an accumulation of debris & fluid.

Pneumonia

What is the name of the condition in which there is air inside the thoracic cavity and outside of the lungs?

Pneumothorax

Type 2 cells that line the alveoli are responsible for what?

Producing surfactant

The exchange of gases between the cells and the blood is called this.

Respiration

What is the main cause of COPD?

Smoking

What is the major cause of chronic bronchitis?

Smoking

Lack of surfactant causes what?

Stiff lungs that resist expansion

What is the medical term for very rapid respirations?

Tachypnea

What is the main function of the medulla oblongata?

The control center that tells us to breathe

What is compliance?

The ease by which ventilation occurs

What is gas trapping?

The inability to get air out of the lungs

What is the name of the nerve that sends a signal to the diaphragm to contract?

The phrenic nerve

The larynx houses the important structures needed for speech AKA vocal cords as well as cartilage. What 2 cartilages are found in the larynx? Hint #1 is AKA Adam's apple and #2 is AKA a leaf shaped, flap like fibrocartilage. What 3 structures are part of the larynx?

Thyroid cartilage, epiglottis, and vocal cords

What causes lesions on the lungs and if the bacteria spread is unchecked, vast lung damage can occur.

Tuberculosis

What does the term apnea mean?

Without breath

What causes a cold & how do you prevent the spread of it?

• caused by over 200 different strains of viruses • wash your hands and cover your mouth when you sneeze or cough

Know the 3 subdivisions of the pharynx.

•nasopharynx •oropharynx •laryngopharynx