Chapter 14

Hans Selye's three-stage pattern of reaction to stress is known as the:

General Adaptation Syndrome

Which of the following statements is true of cancer?

If NK-cell activity is not compromised by stress, cancer progresses slower.

Which of the following statements is true of panic disorder?

In terms of biological factors, genetic predisposition is a likely cause of panic disorder.

Which of the following statements is true of the maintenance stage of the change model?

In this stage, the new behavior becomes routine.

Which of the following occurs in the contemplation stage of the change model?

Individuals acknowledge that they have a problem.

Which of the following statements is true of the biological factors implicated in the development of depressive disorders?

Individuals with depressive disorders appear to have too few receptors for the neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine.

Which of the following best describes catatonia?

It is a state of immobility and unresponsiveness lasting for long periods of time.

Which of the following individuals would be benefitted from aversive conditioning?

Jordan, who has a habit of overeating

According to studies over the past half-century, which of the following is a condition under which a person's attitude will guide his or her actions?

When the person has a vested interest in the issue

According to studies done in the area of self-objectification, which of the following statements is true?

Women who feel objectified are less likely to engage in social activism.

Which of the following statements best defines conformity?

a change in a person's behavior to coincide more closely with a group standard

_____ is the personality trait most strongly associated with prosocial behaviors.

agreeableness

According to the biopsychosocial model of psychological disorders, abnormal behavior can be influenced by _____.

all of these

In the context of group therapy, which of the following key terms refers to group members supporting one another with advice and sympathy and learning that they have something to offer others?

altruism

Ethnocentrism involves:

asserting one's own group's dominance.

A possible behavioral explanation for depression focuses on _____.

learned helplessness

Clozapine is used to treat _____.

schizophrenia

The tendency of each person in a group to exert less effort in the group because of reduced accountability is known as _____.

social loafing

Which of the following statements would be most typical of someone in the preparation stage of the change model?

"I'm going to do something about this problem, the very next week."

Which of the following individuals would be benefitted from psychodynamic therapy?

Carla, who is a victim of sexual abuse in her childhood

Which of the following is considered as an insight-oriented therapy?

Cognitive therapy

Which of the following statements is true of stress and the immune system?

Corticotropin-releasing hormone is shared by the central nervous system and the immune system, uniting the stress and immune responses.

Which of the following scenarios indicates the psychoanalytic phenomenon of transference?

Derek feels attached to his psychotherapist who resembles his girlfriend.

Which of the following individuals would be benefitted from the technique of decatastrophizing in cognitive therapy?

Julian, who states that he will never get into law school due to his poor grades

Which of the following statements is true of motivations for a positive change?

Motivational tools for self-change involve changing for the right reasons.

In which of the following instances should the individual be recommended for cognitive restructuring?

Nelson says he will never fall in love again after his girlfriend broke up with him.

In 1973, Rosenhan performed a study in which eight healthy adults were admitted to a psychiatric hospital. What did this study demonstrate?

Once a person has been labeled with a psychological disorder, that label colors how others perceive everything else he or she does.

Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between mind and body?

People who have led healthy lives can fall ill.

Which of the following is true of people suffering from histrionic personality disorder?

People with this disorder are inappropriately seductive in their interactions with others

Which of the following statements is true of the biological factors involved in schizophrenia?

Problems in prenatal development may predispose a brain to developing schizophrenic symptoms later in life.

Which of the following statements is true of the preliminary hypotheses about the interaction that causes vulnerability to disease?

Stressful situations make individuals more susceptible to diseases.

Which of the following individuals will cope most successfully with stress?

Tara exercises regularly.

Which of the following statements is true of the biopsychosocial model?

The biopsychosocial model states that biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors are all equally significant ingredients in producing both normal and abnormal behavior.

Which of the following statements is true of behavior therapies?

They assume that insight is irrelevant to the goal of treatment.

According to Freud's psychodynamic perspective, what is the best way to gain insight into a person's core problems?

bringing unconscious conflicts into conscious awareness

According to the cognitive dissonance theory, when attitudes and behavior conflict, individuals are most likely to reduce cognitive dissonance by:

changing their attitudes to fit the behavior.

The immune system and the central nervous system both rely on _____ mediators for communication.

chemical

In the context of social influence, Solomon Asch's experiment demonstrates _____.

conformity

_____ directs the cells to make sugar, fat, and protein available so that the body can take quick actions in stressful situations.

cortisol

In the context of social identity, thinking that cultural out-groups are not only different but are worse than one's own group is called:

ethnocentrism

One explanation for the effects of deindividuation in groups is that groups:

give people anonymity.

In the context of types of therapy, psychoanalysis is a _____ therapy.

insight-oriented

Which of the following statements is true of nicotine?

it has a pain- reducing effect

Which of the following is an active drug in cigarettes?

nicotine

Stanley Milgram's experiment demonstrated the effect of _____.

obedience

Which of the following lists the stages of the change model in the right sequence?

precontemplation, contemplation, preparation/determination, action/willpower, maintenance

_____ is an unjustified negative attitude toward an individual based on the individual's membership in a particular group.

prejudice

Which of the following is the most important determinant of the effectiveness of psychotherapy?

therapeutic alliance

According to research in the area of health and social psychology, who among the following is likely to have the earliest death?

A chronically lonely person

In the context of social behavior, which of the following best explains why the bystander effect occurs?

All of these

According to the psychoanalytic approach toward psychotherapy, which of the following is an essential part of the job of a psychotherapist?

To free the individual from conflict that resides in his or her unconscious mind

Which of the following therapies is based on the principles of classical conditioning?

systematic desensitization

Which of the following is a class of drugs administered on patients with anxiety disorders?

Benzodiazepines

Who may benefit the most from electroconvulsive therapy?

Brad, who is contemplating suicide

Which statement best reflects that psychotherapy for depression may have an impact on heart disease?

Depression and heart disease are correlated and the risk of heart disease can be reduced by treating depression.

Which of the following is a difference between the central and peripheral route to persuasion?

The central route is effective when people have the ability and the motivation to pay attention, while the peripheral route is not.

Which of the following statements is true of individuals who exhibit hardiness?

They have a sense of commitment.

Which of the following indicates the view of a humanistic therapist regarding the cause of psychological problems?

They occur as a result of client's functioning below the optimal level.

Which of the following indicates the view of a cognitive therapist regarding the cause of psychological problems?

They occur as a result of inappropriate thoughts.

Which of the following is a similarity between the central nervous system and the immune system of human beings?

They possess sensory and motor elements.

Anorexia nervosa is a culture-related disorder that is common among individuals residing in _____.

United States

Which of the following approaches to quit smoking is Sharon implementing by using a nicotine patch?

Using a substitute source

_____ is an interdisciplinary field that focuses on developing and integrating behavioral and biomedical knowledge to promote health and reduce illness.

behavioral medicine

Lithium is considered as an effective mood stabilizing drug to treat _____.

bipolar disorder

Psychoanalysts attempt to analyze a client's problems by:

bringing the client's unconscious thoughts to consciousness.

Risky shift and group polarization are aspects of _____.

group decision making

Which of the following is a part of the process of systematic desensitization?

relaxation exercises

Which of the following is a cognitive therapy technique whereby clients rate their emotions in order to gain a perspective of their situation?

scaling

In the context of group decision making, groupthink can be prevented by:

selecting an impartial leader

Humanistic therapies differ from psychodynamic therapies in that humanistic therapies emphasize:

self-fulfillment rather than illness.

If a person is demonstrating aggressive behavior, it is likely that he or she has low levels of _____ in the brain.

serotonin