chapter 14 a&p
Fill in the blanks with the terms provided. Not all terms will be used.
One important branch of the cervical plexus is the (phrenic) nerve, which is formed primarily from the (C4) nerve and some contributing axons from (C3 and C5). This nerve travels through the (thoracic) cavity to innervate (the diaphragm) and is important for breathing.
Severing the posterior ramus of a spinal nerve may result in
being unable to move the lower limb being unable to move the upper limb losing feeling in the anterior body wall -losing feeling from the skin of the back
Drag each label into the appropriate category to designate which plexus the given nerve merges into or diverges out from.
c1 -c5 cervical -hypoglossal nerve -phrenic nerve c5-t1 brachial -axillary nerve -musculocutaneous nerve l1-l5 lumbar -femoral -obturator nerve l4-Co1 sacral and coccygeal -sciatic -gluteal nerves
Classify the given items with the appropriate group.
cervical - nerves innervate muscles of the neck -c1 - c8 -has neurons that innervate the upper limbs thoracic -nerves innervate intercostals -t1 - t12 -contains no enlargement lumbar -L1 - L5 -gives rise to the femoral nerve sacral -s1 -s5 -gives rises to the sciatic nerve
Drag each label into the appropriate category to designate whether the given item describes elements of gray or white matter of the spinal cord.
gray matter - lateral horn -anterior horn -marked by low myelination white matter -fasciculus gracilis -contains myelinated -tectospinal tract posterior funiculus
Check all that are components of a monosynaptic reflex arc.
interneurons -sensory receptors -motor neurons
Label the ascending tracts of the spinal cord.
left -sensory cortex of cerebrum -midbrain - pons -medulla right - tertiary neuron -secondary neuron - primary neuron
Label the structures of the spinal cord.
left -cervical enlargement -brachial plexus -L1 vertebra right -conus medullaris -cauda equina -filum terminate
Label the white and gray matter components in the figure.
left -posterior horn -lateral horn -anterior horn middle -central canal right -posterior funiculus -lateral funiculus -anterior funiculus
The lumbar and sacral plexuses are sometimes collectively called the ___________ plexus.
lumbosacral
Damage to the ventral root of a spinal nerve would mean that the sensory input of the reflex arc would be interrupted.
true -false
Match the type of reflex with its description.
1. The simplest reflex; muscles contract in response to a stretch (stretch reflex) 2. Prevents contracting muscles from applying tension to tendons (Golgi tendon reflex) 3. Removes a body part from a painful stimulus (withdrawal reflex) 4. Response to a withdrawal reflex; causes extension of the opposite limb (crossed extensor reflex)
Put the events involved with a reflex arc into the correct order.
1. sensory receptors respond to external and internal stimuli 2. sensory neurons conduct impulses from the receptor to the spinal cord 3. information is processed in the integration center by interneurons 4. motor neuron transmits nerve impulse to effector 5. effector responds to nerve impulse from motor neuron
What structures develop from the basal plates during embryonic development? Check all that are correct.
-anterior and lateral horns of gray matter -anterior part of gray commissure posterior horns of the gray matter posterior part of the gray commissure
Label the nerves of the brachial plexus.
-lateral pectoral n -subscapular n -musculocutaneous -axillary n -radial n
All reflexes share the property of being an involuntary response.
-true false
There are 31 pairs of mixed nerves that emerge from the spinal cord.
-true false
Which of the following are ways in which white matter in the spinal cord conveys sensory and/or motor information between the body and the brain? Check all that apply.
-Ascending tracts conduct sensory impulses from the spinal cord to the brain. Individual tracts contain sensory impulses and motor commands. -Descending tracts conduct motor commands from the brain to the spinal cord. -Each tract conducts either sensory impulses or motor commands, but not both. Each funiculus region contains either sensory or motor tracts, but not both.
Fill in the blanks with the terms provided. Not all terms will be used.
A (monosynaptic reflex) is the simplest of all reflexes. The (sensory) axons synapse directly on the (motor) neurons, whose axons project to the (effector). Very minor synaptic delay is incurred in the single synapse of this reflex arc, resulting in a (very prompt) reflex response. A (polysynaptic reflex) has more complex neural pathways that exhibit a number of synapses involving (interneurons) within the reflex arc. Because this reflex arc has more components, a more (prolonged) delay occurs between stimulus and response.
The ____________ nerve arises from the cervical plexus and innervates the diaphragm.
phrenic
