Chapter 14 Brain/ Cranial Nerves

What is the effect on the right eye when a bright light is shown into the left eye?

The consensual light reflex will occur.

Why might damage to the pons be sufficient to cause death?

The pons contains the pneumotaxic and apneustic centers.

Which of the following regions of the cerebral cortex receives sensory information from the taste receptors of the tongue and pharynx? a. gustatory cortex b. auditory cortex c. olfactory cortex d. visual cortex

a. gustatory cortex

Which of the following produces the hormone melatonin? a. pineal gland b. pons c. thalamus d. hypothalamus

a. pineal gland

Which of the following is NOT a function of the medulla oblongata? a. receiving and interpreting visual stimuli b. linking the brain with the spinal cord c. regulating heart rate and force of contraction d. setting the basic rate for respiratory movements

a. receiving and interpreting visual stimuli

Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus? a. storing complex memories b. regulating body temperature c. controlling autonomic function d. controlling of the endocrine system

a. storing complex memories

David hears a strange noise at his back door late one night. It sounds as though someone is trying to break into his home. He automatically goes into a fight-or-flight response. What part of the limbic system helps control the flight-or-flight response?

amygdaloid body

The centers in the pons that modify the activity of the respiratory rhythmicity center in the medulla oblongata are the __________.

apneustic and pneumotaxic centers

The slender canal that connects the third ventricle with the fourth ventricle is the __________.

aqueduct of midbrain

White matter in the cerebellum is called the __________ because it resembles a tree

arbor vitae

The three major groups of axons that comprise the central white matter are __________.

association, commissural, and projection fibers

The limbic system is responsible for __________. a. visual reflexes b. establishing emotional states c. body temperature regulation d. controlling the movements of the limbs

b. establishing emotional states

Which of the meninges is adhered to the surface of the brain and accompanies the branches of the blood vessels as they penetrate the surface of the brain? a. dura mater b. pia mater c. arachnoid mater d. ventricles

b. pia mater

Which of the following is NOT a function of cerebrospinal fluid? a. supporting the brain b. providing the blood-brain barrier c. transporting nutrients, chemical messengers, and waste products d. cushioning the brain

b. providing the blood-brain barrier

Which of the following is NOT a set of regions linked by the pons? a. cerebellum to brain stem b. right and left cerebral hemispheres c. cerebellum to cerebrum d. nuclei of the pons to the cerebellar hemisphere of the opposite side

b. right and left cerebral hemispheres

Which of the following is NOT part of the brain stem? a. mesencephalon b.thalamus c. pons d. medulla oblongata

b. thalamus

The masses of gray matter that lie within each cerebral hemisphere deep to the floor of the lateral ventricle are the __________.

basal nuclei

The central white matter of the cerebrum is found __________.

beneath the neural cortex and around the cerebral nuclei

Neural tissue in the central nervous system (CNS) is isolated from the general circulation by the __________.

blood-brain barrier

What provides mechanical protection for the brain by cradling the brain?

bones of the skull

The pons links the cerebellum with the __________.

brain stem, cerebrum, and spinal cord

Which of the following is a function of the cerebellum? a. filtering sensory information b. controlling the endocrine system c. fine-tuning muscle movements d. controlling heart rate and force of contraction

c. fine-tuning muscle movements

Which of the following directs voluntary movements by initiating impulses in somatic motor neurons? a. general interpretative area b. primary sensory cortex c. primary motor cortex d. prefrontal cortex

c. primary motor cortex

An individual with a damaged visual association area __________.

can see letters clearly but cannot recognize or interpret them

The effortless serve of a tennis player is a result of establishing __________.

cerebellar motor patterns

Coordination and refinement of learned movement patterns at the subconscious level are performed by the __________.

cerebellum

The nerve fiber bundles on the ventrolateral surfaces of the mesencephalon are the __________.

cerebral peduncles

The mamillary bodies in the floor of the hypothalamus contain motor nuclei that control the reflex movements involved with __________.

chewing, licking, and swallowing

Monitoring of the composition of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and removal of waste products from the CSF occur in the __________.

choroid plexus

The somatic motor association area is responsible for the __________.

coordination of learned motor responses

Which of the following is a visceral cranial reflex? a. auditory reflex b. corneal reflex c. tympanic reflex d. direct light reflex

d. direct light reflex

Which of the following is a function of the basal nuclei? a. linking the cerebral hemispheres with bands of white matter b. receiving sensations from the skin c. speech d. muscle tone and learned movement patterns

d. muscle tone and learned movement patterns

What is the function of the thalamus? a. to produce melatonin b. to control respiration c. to control the endocrine system d. to filter and pass sensory information to the basal nuclei and cerebral cortex

d. to filter and pass sensory information to the basal nuclei and cerebral cortex

The epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus are anatomical structures of the __________.

diencephalon

Excess cerebrospinal fluid is returned to the venous circulation by __________.

diffusion across the arachnoid villi

Pyramidal cells are cortical neurons that __________.

direct voluntary movements

The pineal gland, an endocrine structure that secretes the hormone melatonin, is found in the __________.

epithalamus

Which of the following cranial nerves has five branches and controls the lacrimal and salivary glands and muscles of the face?

facial nerve

Which cerebral lobe is the most anterior?

frontal

Hypothalamic or thalamic stimulation that depresses reticular formation activity in the brain stem results in __________.

generalized lethargy or actual sleep

The sea horse-like structure in the limbic system responsible for storage and retrieval of new long-term memories is the __________

hippocampus

The part(s) of the diencephalon responsible for coordination of activities of the central nervous system and the endocrine system is (are) the __________.

hypothalamus

Fresh blood, with oxygen and nutrients, reaches the brain through the __________.

internal carotid and vertebral arteries

The cardiovascular centers and the respiratory rhythmicity centers are located in the __________.

medulla oblongata

The functions of the limbic system serve to identify its role as a __________.

motivational system

In the medulla oblongata, the relay stations along sensory or motor pathways consist of the __________.

nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus

The blood-brain barrier remains intact throughout the CNS, EXCEPT in __________.

portions of the hypothalamus and the choroid plexus

The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus __________.

secretes oxytocin

The cerebrum of the adult brain ultimately forms from the __________.

telencephalon

Relay and processing centers for sensory information are found in the __________.

thalamus

What do(es) NOT provide protection and shock absorption for the brain?

the carotid arteries and jugular veins

What major region of the brain is responsible for conscious thought processes, sensations, intellectual functions, memory, and complex motor patterns?

the cerebrum

The versatility of the brain to respond to stimuli is greater than that of the spinal cord because of __________.

the number of neurons and complex interconnections between the neurons

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) reaches the subarachnoid space via __________.

three holes in the fourth ventricle

The neurons in the primary sensory cortex receive somatic sensory information from __________.

touch, pressure, pain, taste, and temperature receptors

Which of the following facial nerves do(es) NOT supply the tongue?

vagus nerve (X)

Which cranial nerve contains sensory fibers coming from the inner ear and is responsible for hearing and balance?

vestibulocochlear

The mesencephalon, or midbrain, processes __________.

visual and auditory information and generates involuntary motor responses

The corpora quadrigemina of the mesencephalon are responsible for processing __________.

visual and auditory sensations

A loud noise produces a tympanic reflex that results in __________.

A loud noise produces a tympanic reflex that results in __________.

The hypothalamus produces and secretes the hormones __________.

ADH and oxytocin

Which of the following statements about the choroid plexus is correct?

All of the listed responses are correct.