Chapter 14 -- Psychological Disorders - Psychology TEST (Mr. Murray)

what percentage of Latino Americans attempt suicide?

1 in 8

what ethnic group is least likely to attempt suicide?

African Americans (6.5%)

a persistent anxiety that can't be attributed to a phobic object or situation

generalized anxiety disorder

what are the warning signs of suicide?

- Changes in eating and sleeping patterns. - Difficulty concentrating on school work. - A sharp decline in school performance and attendance. - Loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities. - Giving away prized possessions. - Complaints about physical problems when no medical basis for the problem can be found. - Withdrawal from social relationships.

what is schizophrenia characterized by?

- Disturbances in: thought and language, perception and attention, motor activity and mood - Withdrawal and absorption in daydreams or fantasy - Jumbled speech. - Delusions. - Hallucinations. - Stupors: slow motor activity. - Emotional responses that may be flat.

what are the possible causes of schizophrenia?

- Heredity. - Complications during pregnancy. - Birth during winter. - Poor maternal nutrition. - Genetic factors create a predisposition toward schizophrenia; then other factors contribute to the cause of the disorder.

what are the risk factors of suicide?

- Linked to feelings of depression and hopelessness. - Highly achieving. - Rigid perfectionists. - Set impossibly high expectations for themselves. - Compare themselves negatively with others.

Ways to understand and prevent suicide:

- Personality or mood changes - Talking or writing about death or dying abuse of drugs or alcohol - An attempted suicide - A precipitating event such as an argument, a broken romantic relationship, academic difficulties, problems on the job, loss of a friend, or trouble with the law - In the case of adolescents, knowing or hearing about another teenager who has committed suicide (cluster suicides) - Threatening to commit suicide.

What are the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder?

- feeling of dread and foreboding - excessive vigilance

What are the characteristics of major depression?

- lack of energy. - loss of self-esteem. - difficulty concentrating. - loss of interest in activities and other people. - pessimism, crying, and thoughts of suicide. - poor appetite and serious weight loss. - faulty perception including delusions of unworthiness, guilt for imagined wrong doings and possible hallucinations of strange bodily sensations.

what are some reasons women are more depressed than men?

- more likely to experience abuse - more likely to suffer from poverty - single parenthood issues - face sexism - more likely to help other people

What are the symptoms of a panic disorder?

- shortness of breath - heavy sweating - tremors - pounding of heart - many fear suffocation - choking sensations - nausea - numbness - fear of going crazy or losing control

What criteria are psychological disorders characterized by?

- they are unusual - suggest faulty perception or interpretation of reality - they are self defeating - they are dangerous - the individual's behavior is socially unacceptable

What are the physical features of anxiety?

- trembling - sweating - pounding heart - elevated heart pressure - faintness

What are the psychological features of anxiety?

- worrying - fear of the worst thing happening - fear of losing control - nervousness - inability to relax

Suicide is the third leading cause of death among young people aged ___ to ___

15 to 24

what percent of Native Americans have attempted suicide

17%

About ________ people each year take their lives in the U.S.

30,000

what percentage of European Americans attempt suicide?

8%

behaviors or mental processes that are connected with various kinds of distress or disability

psychological disorders

what are the four psychological problems suicide adolescents experience?

Confusion about self. Impulsiveness. Emotional instability. Interpersonal problems.

characterized by peculiarities of thought, perception, or behavior such as excessive fantasy and suspiciousness, feelings of being unreal, or odd usage of words defined by indifference to relationships and flat emotional response. People with this disorder are loners

Schizotypal personality disorder

he believed disorders are problems in living rather than disorders

Thomas Szasz

occurs within a month of a traumatic event and lasts from 2 days to 4 weeks

acute stress disorder

fear of being out in open, busy areas

agoraphobia

characterized by persistent violating the rights of others and being in conflict with the law

antisocial personality disorder

an appropriate response to a real threat

anxiety

individuals are generally unwilling to enter a relationship without some assurance of acceptance because they fear rejection and criticism.

avoidant personality disorder

mood swings from ecstatic elation to deep depression

bipolar disorder

characterized by instability in relationships, self-image, and mood, and lack of impulse control

borderline personality disorder

type of schizophrenia: show striking impairment in motor activity; slowing of activity into a stupor that may suddenly change into an restless phase

catatonic type

Suicide is more common among _______ _______ than among people of the same age who do not attend college

college students

thoughts or behaviors that tend to reduce anxiety connected with obsessions

compulsions

characterized by a major change in, or loss of, physical functioning although there are no medical findings to explain the loss of functioning

conversion disorder

historically, psychological disorders were blamed on

demons

stage of bipolar disorder that includes sleeping more than usual and being lethargic; individuals also tend to withdraw and experience irritability

depression

schizophrenia type: incoherence, loosening of associations, disorganized behavior, disorganized delusions, fragmentary delusions or hallucinations, and flat or highly inappropriate emotional responses

disorganized type

characterized by the person suddenly being unable to recall important personal information

dissociative amnesia

characterized by a separation of mental processes such as thoughts, emotions, identity, memory, or consciousness

dissociative disorders

characterized by the person abruptly leaving their home or place of work and traveling to another place, having lost all memory of their past; he new personality is often more outgoing than the less inhibited one

dissociative fugue

characterized by two or more identities or personalities, each with distinct traits and memories, occupying the same person; each identity may or may not be aware of the others

dissociative identity disorder

characterized by people insisting that they are suffering with a serious physical illness even though no medical evidence of illness can be found

hypochondriasis

phase of bipolar disorder where the person may show excessive excitement, silliness, show poor judgment, destroying property and giving away expensive possessions; they are too restless to sit still or sleep restfully

manic phase

what is bipolar disorder formerly known as?

manic-depressive disorder

are men or women more likely to have antisocial personality disorder?

men

characterized by disturbance in expressed emotions generally involving sadness or elation

mood disorders

recurrent anxiety provoking thoughts or images that seem irrational and disrupt daily life

obsessions

an abrupt attack of acute anxiety not triggered by a specific object or situation

panic disorder

tendency to interpret other people's behavior as threatening or demeaning; mistrustful of others

paranoid personality disorder

type of schizophrenia: have delusions and frequently related auditory hallucinations

paranoid type

enduring patterns of behavior that are inflexible, and dysfunctional; behaviors typically impair social or personal functioning and are a source of distress to the individual or to other

personality disorders

rapid heart rate, feelings of helplessness and anxiety from a traumatic experience

post traumatic stress disorder

a severe psychological disorder that touches every aspect of a person's life

schizophrenia

persistent fears of scrutiny by others or of doing something that will embarrass or humiliate you

social phobia

characterized by physical problems in people, such as paralysis, pain, or a persistent belief that they have a serious disease; yet no evidence of a physical abnormality can be found

somatoform disorders

excessive fears of particular objects or situations

specific phobia

are men or women more likely to admit depression?

women

are men or women more likely to be depressed?

women

are men or women more likely to reflect about stresses?

women