chapter 14 sec 3-4
what are two promising treatment of cancer
starving the tumors by cutting off their blood supply, and creating a cancer vaccine that would stimulate the immune system to destroy cancer cells
techniques used to treat cancer
surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy
estimated cases of breast cancer yearly and estimated deaths yearly
205,000, 40,000
estimated cases and deaths of ovarian cancer
23,300; 13,900
estimated cases and deaths of leukemia
30,800; 21,700
what percent of people have type 1 diabetes in the us
5-10%
estimated cases and deaths of skin cancer
58,300; 9,600
cases and deaths of lymphoma yearly
60,900; 25,800
t/f there is a cure for diabetes
false
t/f there are many ways to prevent type 1 diabetes
false (there are none)
where can carcinogens be found
food, water, air, environment
symptoms of gestational diabetes
frequent urination, increased thirst, fatigue, weight los, blurred vision, frequent infections, and slow healing sores
symptoms of type 2 diabetes
frequent urination, increased thirst, fatigue, weight loss, blurred vision, frequent infections, and slow healing sores
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging, uses a massive magnet and a computer to gather images of the body
what can you do to reduce your risk of developing type 2 diabetes
maintain a healthy weight, exercise regularly, ear a healthy diet, avoid tobacco products, reduce amounts of stress
metastasis
the process of cancer cells traveling through the blood or lymph and to other parts of the body, where they settle down and grow into new tumors
what does the success of any treatment depend on
the type of cancer, how long the tumor has been growing, and whether the cancer has spread
chemotherapy (and what's the downside)
the use of drugs to destroy cancer cells, but also kills some of body's healthy cells. can cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and hair loss
how are cancer cells harmless
they tear through and crush neighboring tissues strangle blood vessels and take nutrients needed by healthy cells
cervical cancer
a cancer of the cervix, a part of the female reproductive system
tumor
a clump formed as the body produces more and more faulty cells
what do doctors often recommend to treat cancer
a combination of surgery, chemo, and radiation
cancer
a disease caused by uncontrollable cell growth
diabetes
a disorder in which cells are unable to obtain glucose from the blood such that high blood glucose levels result. the kidneys excrete water, resulting in increased urination and thirst. cells use the body's fat and protein for energy, causing a buildup of toxic substances in the bloodstream.
insulin
a hormone that causes cells to remove glucose from the bloodstream. produced by special cells in the pancreas
diabetic coma
a loss of consciousness that happens when there Is too much blood sugar and a build up of toxic substances in the blood.
malignant tumor
a mass of cells that invades and destroys healthy tissue
how can genes that regulate cell division become damaged
a person can inherit mutated genes, or carcinogens can be responsible for damaging the genes
biopsy
a sample of tissue taken from the body that is then examined, commonly used to determine what type of cancer a person has and whether a tumor is malignant or benign
what is the prostate
a small gland near the bladder
benign tumor
an abnormal but usually harmless cell mass, typically do not invade or destroy tissue and do not spread, but can grow large enough to affect nearby tissue and must be removed
how can you help a person with cancer
be patient, offer to spend time doing quiet things, and having a positive outlook on treatment
how can you prevent cancer
don't smoke, safeguard your skin, eat your veggies and cut the fat, stay active and maintain a healthy weight, get regular medical checkups
what ratio of cancer death is tobacco responsible for
1/3
estimated cases and deaths of colon cancer yearly
107,300; 48,100
estimated cases and deaths of cervical cancer
13,000; 4,100
how many people in the US have diabetes
16 million
estimated cases and deaths of nervous system cancer
17,000; 13,100
estimated cases and deaths of respiratory cancer yearly
183,200; 161,400
estimated cases and deaths of prostate cancer yearly
189,000; 30,200
estimated cases and deaths of urinary cancer yearly
90,700; 24,900
what races are at greater risk for developing type 2 diabetes
African americans, Hispanics, and native americans
CAUTION acronym: what does it stand for and what is it used for
Warning signs of cancer: Change in bowel or bladder habits, A sore that doesn't heal, Unusual bleeding or discharge, Thickening or a lump anywhere in the body, Indigestion or difficulty swallowing, Obvious change in a wart or mole, Nagging cough or hoarseness
what do diabetes patients risk
blindness, kidney disease, strokes, and amputations of the lower limbs
what is the leading cause of death after CVD
cancer
nervous system cancer
cancer of the brain, spinal cord, and other parts of the nervous system
what cancer are people who eat more fat more likely to get
cancer of the colon and rectum
colon cancer
cancer of the colon, an organ in the digestive system
lymphoma
cancer of the lymph nodes or lymph tissue
ovarian cancer
cancer of the ovaries, a part of the female reproductive system
prostate cancer
cancer of the prostate, a part of the male reproductive system
respiratory cancer
cancer of the respiratory organs such as the lungs, larynx, and bronchus, most forms linked to the use of tobacco
breast cancer
cancer of the tissue and organs of the breast; more common in women but can be found in men
leukemia
cancer of the tissues that produce blood, more common in males than in females
urinary cancer
cancer of the urinary organs such as the bladder and kidneys
what cancers are people who use tobacco prone to
cancers of the mouth, throat, esophagus, pancreas, and colon
skin cancer
cancers that affect the skin such as basal cell carcinoma and melanoma
examples of carcinogens
certain viruses such as human papilloma virus (HPV), radioactivity or UV radiation, chemicals found in tobacco smoke, and asbestos (a material used to make fireproof materials electrical insulation and other building supplies)
how can you reduce your chance of developing cancer
choosing to work study and live somewhere free from carcinogens
CAT scan or CT
computerized axial tomography , takes multiple xrays of some part of the body, which a computer then assembles into one image
where does uncontrollable cell growth come from
damage to the genes that regulate the making of new cells
what can blood tests do, give ex
detect some cancers, older men are given a prostate specific antigen (PSA) test which looks for high levels of protein produced by the prostate
type 1 diabetes
diabetes resulting from the body's inability to produce insulin
type 2 diabetes
diabetes resulting from the inability of the body's cells to respond to insulin
gestational diabetes
diabetes that develops during pregnancy
what are researchers hoping new treatments for diabetes will do
help diabetics monitor their blood glucose levels better, will provide new methods of delivering insulin, and will help reduce severity of symptoms. also working on ways to transplant insulin producing cells into people with type 1 diabetes
when does the risk of gestational diabetes increase
if the mother has a family history of diabetes, is obese, is over 25 years old, or has previously given birth to a child who weighed over 9 pounds
what happens when glucose levels are low
insulin is no longer released into the bloodstream
what happens when blood glucose levels are high
insulin is released into the bloodstream
2 other names for type 1 diabetes and why
insulin-dependent or juvenile diabetes, treated with daily injections of insulin and diagnosed before age 18.
what should you look for when doing a self exam for skin cancer
new growths, a sore that doesn't heal, and shape size texture or color changes to a mole or wart
people type 2 diabetes is most common in
over age 40 and overweight people
radiation therapy
radiation used to destroy cancer cells, a beam of radiation is fired at the tumor from outside the body.
how can cancer be detected
self-exams, biopsy, X rays, MRI, Blood and DNA tests
what are symptoms of type 1 diabetes
severe and develop over a short period of time, include thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, absence of menstruation and weight loss
what can dna tests used for
to detect the likelihood of developing cancer
t/f all of us are exposed to carcinogens in our daily lives
true
t/f gestational diabetes goes away after the baby is born
true
three most common types of diabetes
type 1, type 2, and gestational
most common form of diabetes, aka...
type 2 diabetes, noninsulin-dependent diabetes
what tests will your doctor use to see if you have diabetes
urinalysis, glucose tolerance test, or an insulin test
when is surgery most effective
when the tumor is small, has not spread, and is located where removing is will not damage surrounding tissue
how does cancer begin
when the way the body normally repairs and maintains itself breaks down, and to replace dead or worn out cells the body makes new ones. sometimes controls break down and some cells continue dividing out of control
mammograms
x ray of the breasts to detect tumors, recommended regularly for women over 40