chapter 14 sec 3-4

what are two promising treatment of cancer

starving the tumors by cutting off their blood supply, and creating a cancer vaccine that would stimulate the immune system to destroy cancer cells

techniques used to treat cancer

surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy

estimated cases of breast cancer yearly and estimated deaths yearly

205,000, 40,000

estimated cases and deaths of ovarian cancer

23,300; 13,900

estimated cases and deaths of leukemia

30,800; 21,700

what percent of people have type 1 diabetes in the us

5-10%

estimated cases and deaths of skin cancer

58,300; 9,600

cases and deaths of lymphoma yearly

60,900; 25,800

t/f there is a cure for diabetes

false

t/f there are many ways to prevent type 1 diabetes

false (there are none)

where can carcinogens be found

food, water, air, environment

symptoms of gestational diabetes

frequent urination, increased thirst, fatigue, weight los, blurred vision, frequent infections, and slow healing sores

symptoms of type 2 diabetes

frequent urination, increased thirst, fatigue, weight loss, blurred vision, frequent infections, and slow healing sores

MRI

magnetic resonance imaging, uses a massive magnet and a computer to gather images of the body

what can you do to reduce your risk of developing type 2 diabetes

maintain a healthy weight, exercise regularly, ear a healthy diet, avoid tobacco products, reduce amounts of stress

metastasis

the process of cancer cells traveling through the blood or lymph and to other parts of the body, where they settle down and grow into new tumors

what does the success of any treatment depend on

the type of cancer, how long the tumor has been growing, and whether the cancer has spread

chemotherapy (and what's the downside)

the use of drugs to destroy cancer cells, but also kills some of body's healthy cells. can cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and hair loss

how are cancer cells harmless

they tear through and crush neighboring tissues strangle blood vessels and take nutrients needed by healthy cells

cervical cancer

a cancer of the cervix, a part of the female reproductive system

tumor

a clump formed as the body produces more and more faulty cells

what do doctors often recommend to treat cancer

a combination of surgery, chemo, and radiation

cancer

a disease caused by uncontrollable cell growth

diabetes

a disorder in which cells are unable to obtain glucose from the blood such that high blood glucose levels result. the kidneys excrete water, resulting in increased urination and thirst. cells use the body's fat and protein for energy, causing a buildup of toxic substances in the bloodstream.

insulin

a hormone that causes cells to remove glucose from the bloodstream. produced by special cells in the pancreas

diabetic coma

a loss of consciousness that happens when there Is too much blood sugar and a build up of toxic substances in the blood.

malignant tumor

a mass of cells that invades and destroys healthy tissue

how can genes that regulate cell division become damaged

a person can inherit mutated genes, or carcinogens can be responsible for damaging the genes

biopsy

a sample of tissue taken from the body that is then examined, commonly used to determine what type of cancer a person has and whether a tumor is malignant or benign

what is the prostate

a small gland near the bladder

benign tumor

an abnormal but usually harmless cell mass, typically do not invade or destroy tissue and do not spread, but can grow large enough to affect nearby tissue and must be removed

how can you help a person with cancer

be patient, offer to spend time doing quiet things, and having a positive outlook on treatment

how can you prevent cancer

don't smoke, safeguard your skin, eat your veggies and cut the fat, stay active and maintain a healthy weight, get regular medical checkups

what ratio of cancer death is tobacco responsible for

1/3

estimated cases and deaths of colon cancer yearly

107,300; 48,100

estimated cases and deaths of cervical cancer

13,000; 4,100

how many people in the US have diabetes

16 million

estimated cases and deaths of nervous system cancer

17,000; 13,100

estimated cases and deaths of respiratory cancer yearly

183,200; 161,400

estimated cases and deaths of prostate cancer yearly

189,000; 30,200

estimated cases and deaths of urinary cancer yearly

90,700; 24,900

what races are at greater risk for developing type 2 diabetes

African americans, Hispanics, and native americans

CAUTION acronym: what does it stand for and what is it used for

Warning signs of cancer: Change in bowel or bladder habits, A sore that doesn't heal, Unusual bleeding or discharge, Thickening or a lump anywhere in the body, Indigestion or difficulty swallowing, Obvious change in a wart or mole, Nagging cough or hoarseness

what do diabetes patients risk

blindness, kidney disease, strokes, and amputations of the lower limbs

what is the leading cause of death after CVD

cancer

nervous system cancer

cancer of the brain, spinal cord, and other parts of the nervous system

what cancer are people who eat more fat more likely to get

cancer of the colon and rectum

colon cancer

cancer of the colon, an organ in the digestive system

lymphoma

cancer of the lymph nodes or lymph tissue

ovarian cancer

cancer of the ovaries, a part of the female reproductive system

prostate cancer

cancer of the prostate, a part of the male reproductive system

respiratory cancer

cancer of the respiratory organs such as the lungs, larynx, and bronchus, most forms linked to the use of tobacco

breast cancer

cancer of the tissue and organs of the breast; more common in women but can be found in men

leukemia

cancer of the tissues that produce blood, more common in males than in females

urinary cancer

cancer of the urinary organs such as the bladder and kidneys

what cancers are people who use tobacco prone to

cancers of the mouth, throat, esophagus, pancreas, and colon

skin cancer

cancers that affect the skin such as basal cell carcinoma and melanoma

examples of carcinogens

certain viruses such as human papilloma virus (HPV), radioactivity or UV radiation, chemicals found in tobacco smoke, and asbestos (a material used to make fireproof materials electrical insulation and other building supplies)

how can you reduce your chance of developing cancer

choosing to work study and live somewhere free from carcinogens

CAT scan or CT

computerized axial tomography , takes multiple xrays of some part of the body, which a computer then assembles into one image

where does uncontrollable cell growth come from

damage to the genes that regulate the making of new cells

what can blood tests do, give ex

detect some cancers, older men are given a prostate specific antigen (PSA) test which looks for high levels of protein produced by the prostate

type 1 diabetes

diabetes resulting from the body's inability to produce insulin

type 2 diabetes

diabetes resulting from the inability of the body's cells to respond to insulin

gestational diabetes

diabetes that develops during pregnancy

what are researchers hoping new treatments for diabetes will do

help diabetics monitor their blood glucose levels better, will provide new methods of delivering insulin, and will help reduce severity of symptoms. also working on ways to transplant insulin producing cells into people with type 1 diabetes

when does the risk of gestational diabetes increase

if the mother has a family history of diabetes, is obese, is over 25 years old, or has previously given birth to a child who weighed over 9 pounds

what happens when glucose levels are low

insulin is no longer released into the bloodstream

what happens when blood glucose levels are high

insulin is released into the bloodstream

2 other names for type 1 diabetes and why

insulin-dependent or juvenile diabetes, treated with daily injections of insulin and diagnosed before age 18.

what should you look for when doing a self exam for skin cancer

new growths, a sore that doesn't heal, and shape size texture or color changes to a mole or wart

people type 2 diabetes is most common in

over age 40 and overweight people

radiation therapy

radiation used to destroy cancer cells, a beam of radiation is fired at the tumor from outside the body.

how can cancer be detected

self-exams, biopsy, X rays, MRI, Blood and DNA tests

what are symptoms of type 1 diabetes

severe and develop over a short period of time, include thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, absence of menstruation and weight loss

what can dna tests used for

to detect the likelihood of developing cancer

t/f all of us are exposed to carcinogens in our daily lives

true

t/f gestational diabetes goes away after the baby is born

true

three most common types of diabetes

type 1, type 2, and gestational

most common form of diabetes, aka...

type 2 diabetes, noninsulin-dependent diabetes

what tests will your doctor use to see if you have diabetes

urinalysis, glucose tolerance test, or an insulin test

when is surgery most effective

when the tumor is small, has not spread, and is located where removing is will not damage surrounding tissue

how does cancer begin

when the way the body normally repairs and maintains itself breaks down, and to replace dead or worn out cells the body makes new ones. sometimes controls break down and some cells continue dividing out of control

mammograms

x ray of the breasts to detect tumors, recommended regularly for women over 40